Effect of Toothpaste on the Surface Roughness of the Resin-Contained CAD/CAM Dental Materials: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this review is to describe the possible effect of toothbrushing on surface roughness of resin-contained CAD/CAM materials. Methods: Systematic literature search for articles published in peer-reviewed journals between January 2000 and February 2020 has been conducted, which evaluated the effect of brushing on surface roughness of resin-contained CAD/CAM dental materials. The research was conducted in Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Embase, and Science Direct using a combination of the following MeSH/Emtree terms: “brushing”, “resin-based”, “dental”, “CAD/CAM”, and “surface roughness”. Results: A total of 249 articles were found in the search during initial screening. Fifty-five articles were selected for the full-text evaluation after the steps of reading of abstract/title and remotion of duplicate. Only six articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The Cohen’s Kappa agreement test showed an index of 0.91 for full-text. Discussion: Four of five selected articles identified an increase of surface roughness on resin-contained CAD/CAM materials after toothbrushing. Although all the articles examined used different toothpastes with no homogeneous relative dentine abrasivity (RDA) and cycles of brushing, the findings are about the same. The possible reason is attributable to the compositions of the resin-contained CAD/CAM materials. Conclusions: The surface roughness of most resin-contained CAD/CAM materials was affected by artificial toothbrushing. Correct knowledge of the composition of the dental material and toothpastes is fundamental to avoid an increase of surface roughness on prosthetic rehabilitation.

Influences of Different CAD/CAM Ceramic Compositions and Thicknesses on the Mechanical Properties of Ceramic Restorations: An In Vitro Study

“…Despite this, the toothbrushing procedure itself caused a significant increase in the surface roughness because of the abrasive motion of the brushing process, simulating the environment inside the patient’s oral cavity. Toothpaste and toothbrush bristles might cause the abrasion of the ceramic surfaces by creating minor superficial grooves, and this observation is consistent with other studies [ 37 , 40 , 41 ]. The Ra readings of all the tested materials in all the subgroups of ceramic thicknesses exceeded 0.2 μm, which is considered to be the plaque accumulation threshold and, thus, roughness can be easily detected by the tongue and can lead to irritation and bacterial colonization [ 45 , 48 , 54 ].…”

“…Surface roughness is one of the factors that influence the clinical survival of ceramics, since it might result in the wear and abrasion of the ceramics, crack initiation that can lead to fracture and staining, a loss of translucency, and bacterial colonization [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. Previous studies have reported that the surface roughness threshold should be less than 0.2 µm in order to avoid plaque accumulation and bacterial adhesion on prosthetic materials [ 38 , 39 ].…”

“…Previous studies have reported that the surface roughness threshold should be less than 0.2 µm in order to avoid plaque accumulation and bacterial adhesion on prosthetic materials [ 38 , 39 ]. Multiple factors have been shown to have a direct influence on the surface roughness of ceramic materials, including the type of ceramic, thickness, polishing methods, polishing materials, routine toothbrushing, and the toothpaste used, as some toothpastes include abrasive particles designed to enhance cleaning [ 34 , 35 , 37 ]. Moreover, the hardness of the ceramic can be influenced by the variable ceramic thicknesses used in the oral cavity to withstand masticatory forces without compromising the tooth structure or esthetics [ 34 ].…”

“…Several studies have assessed the effects of toothbrushing on the surface roughness of CAD/CAM dental ceramics [ 37 , 40 , 41 ]. Nevertheless, data on the micro-hardness and surface roughness of the ALD are still limited and require further exploration.…”

The effect of oscillating and sonic electric toothbrushes on the wear resistance of aesthetic restorative dental materials

“…Tooth brushing is considered an effective method for preserving a good oral health environment. Unfortunately, it leads to loss of restoration gloss and an increase in surface roughness with subsequently plaque accumulation and deterioration of the mechanical properties 18,20,21 . Achieving good oral hygiene is affected by patient education, the complexity of restorations, and the dexterity of the patient 22 .…”