Effect of topical ophthalmic dorzolamide(2%)–timolol(0.5%) solution and ointment on intraocular pressure in normal horses

Tofflemire, Kyle L.; Whitley, Elizabeth M.; Flinn, Allison M.; Dufour, Valérie; Ben‐Shlomo, Gil; Allbaugh, Rachel A.; Griggs, Angela N.; Peterson, Chimene S.; Whitley, David

doi:10.1111/vop.12242

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…The frequency of topical mydriatic use ranged from every 8 to 72 h, depending on the severity of uveitis. A mydriatic was not used in cases in which the IOP was >30 mmHg or in cases of lens instability/luxation . When the IOP was documented over the previously reported reference range, topical anti‐glaucoma medications were instituted with timolol 0.5% alone (Timolol Maleate ophthalmic USP solution 0.5%) or in combination with a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (Dorzolamide HCL‐Timolol Maleate ophthalmic solution) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognosis and impact of equine recurrent uveitis

Gerding

Gilger

2015

Equine Veterinary Journal

138

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognosis and impact of equine recurrent uveitis

Gerding

Gilger

2015

Equine Veterinary Journal

138

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“…Similarly, although timolol has been reported to reduce IOP in dogs by 16.1% , in a more recent study of the effects of latanoprost, timolol and a latanoprost–timolol combination on pupil size, IOP and heart rate in nine normal dogs, there was no decrease in IOP in 11% of the dogs when treated with latanoprost alone, and there was no decrease in IOP in any of the nine dogs when treated with timolol alone . Therefore, it is possible that the individuals in this population of horses were not responsive to timolol, whereas in the previous study the number of horses responsive was sufficient to lower mean IOP by a statistically significant amount.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Brinzolamide was found to lower IOP by an average of 14–21% in normal horses, depending on whether it was administered once or twice per day . Dorzolamide–timolol was found to lower IOP by an average of 13% when measured in clinically normal horses . Timolol decreased IOP by an average of 17% in clinically normal horses .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of 0.2% brimonidine and 0.2% brimonidine–0.5% timolol on intraocular pressure and pupil size in normal equine eyes

Zup

Lassaline

Kass

et al. 2017

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Background Brimonidine is an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist that decreases aqueous humor production and may increase uveoscleral outflow. It has not been evaluated in normal or glaucomatous equine eyes. Objectives To evaluate the IOP-lowering efficacy and safety of brimonidine, alone and in conjunction with timolol, as a treatment for equine glaucoma by comparing IOP in normal equine eyes treated with brimonidine and brimonidine-timolol to control eyes. Study design A balanced crossover design with 16 horses receiving one of two treatments, brimonidine and brimonidine-timolol, during each of two 10-day study phases, was used. Four horses were randomly assigned to each of four combinations of treated eye (right or left) and drug order within the two 10-day study phases (brimonidine first or brimonidine-timolol first). Methods Pupil size and conjunctival hyperemia were assessed twice daily and IOP was measured three times daily using rebound tonometry in both eyes of 16 normal horses throughout two 10-day study periods (brimonidine and brimonidine-timolol) followed by an 18-day washout period. One eye of each horse was treated with brimonidine or brimonidine-timolol while the opposite eye was treated with balanced salt solution. Results There were no adverse effects and no significant changes in pupil size in normal equine eyes treated with brimonidine or brimonidine-timolol. Average IOP in normal equine eyes treated with brimonidine (25.6 mm Hg) was statistically higher than in eyes treated with brimonidine-timolol (24.6 mm Hg) or balanced salt solution (24.5 mm Hg) however IOP differences were 1 mm Hg or less and thus not clinically important. Main limitations Horses with normal eyes may not be as sensitive to IOP-lowering effects of treatment as horses with glaucoma. Conclusions Brimonidine and briminonidine-timolol are well tolerated in normal horses but do not decrease IOP.

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“…In that study, treating one eye of 9 horses with each drug first once then twice daily, there was a very small but statistically significant reduction in IOP, <2 mmHg lower than baseline, with twice daily but not once daily dosing. A more recent study compared the IOP-lowering effect of an ophthalmic solution and an ophthalmic ointment formulation of 2% dorzolamide-0.5% timolol and found no significant difference between the 2 formulations, and a decrease in IOP of 13% over baseline (Tofflemire et al 2014). Brinzolamide is another topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that has been tested in normal horses, and found to decrease IOP 14% with once daily dosing and 21% with twice daily dosing (Germann et al 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A more recent study compared the IOP‐lowering effect of an ophthalmic solution and an ophthalmic ointment formulation of 2% dorzolamide‐0.5% timolol and found no significant difference between the 2 formulations, and a decrease in IOP of 13% over baseline (Tofflemire et al . ). Brinzolamide is another topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that has been tested in normal horses, and found to decrease IOP 14% with once daily dosing and 21% with twice daily dosing (Germann et al .…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

A promising surgical approach to equine glaucoma

Lassaline

2015

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary The preceding case report by Wilson et al. (2015) describes the surgical placement of a Baerveldt glaucoma shunt in a glaucomatous equine eye that had been refractory to aggressive medical and repeated surgical therapies yet maintained functional vision. Shunt placement surgery successfully maintained vision and intraocular pressure in the normal range in the affected eye. This is the first report of long‐term successful glaucoma filtration surgery in a horse. Glaucoma shunt placement shows promise for maintaining vision and comfort in equine eyes affected with glaucoma. There is much to be learned in terms of the most appropriate implant type for the equine eye, the risk of complications such as ocular hypotony or tube fibrosis, and the utility of combination therapy with transcleral cyclophotocoagulation and implant placement, but with the report of one case in which gonioimplant placement has been associated with intraocular pressure control for over one year, further investigations appear warranted. This case provides a glimmer of hope for long‐term treatment of a painful, blinding disease that has traditionally carried a poor prognosis in horses.

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Effect of topical ophthalmic dorzolamide(2%)–timolol(0.5%) solution and ointment on intraocular pressure in normal horses

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Prognosis and impact of equine recurrent uveitis

Prognosis and impact of equine recurrent uveitis

Effects of 0.2% brimonidine and 0.2% brimonidine–0.5% timolol on intraocular pressure and pupil size in normal equine eyes

A promising surgical approach to equine glaucoma

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