Effect of topically applied silver compounds on the demineralisation of hydroxyapatite

Huang, Weixin; Anderson, Paul; Duminis, Tomas; Shahid, Shamsuddin

doi:10.1016/j.dental.2022.02.013

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…And because this study is on the pilot stage of Riva star aqua™, more experiments are needed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration. Second, it will be helpful to understand the clinical implications by creating similar environments to the oral cavity, following the manufacturer's instruction step, and applying materials to the tooth or a similar ingredient, like hydroxyapatite [23,24]. Third, according to the manufacturer's explanation [25], the AgF content of Riva star aqua™, which was thought to be the same at 38% as SDF, was confirmed to be 31% in the study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Antibacterial Effects of Silver Fluoride and Difluorosilane-based Varnish on Streptococcus mutans

Lee¹,

An²

2022

J Korean Acad Pediatr Dent

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the antibacterial effects of two liquid fluoride materials on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Riva star aqua™ (SDI, Bayswater, Australia), which consists of silver fluoride (AgF, step 1) and potassium iodide (KI, step 2), and Fluor protector® (FP; Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein) were used for experimental groups. Experimental groups were divided into 4 groups : AgF, KI, AgF + KI and FP. For the positive control (PC) group, ampicillin was used, and the negative control group (NC) did not receive any additional treatment. Each group was divided into 30 and 50 µL groups by volume of liquid and applied to flat-coated S. mutans. The diameter of the zone of inhibition was measured. The PC and AgF groups showed larger diameters than other materials (p < 0.05), and the AgF group showed no significant difference from the PC group in the 50 µL group (p > 0.05). The FP group showed larger diameters than the AgF + KI group in the 30 µL (p = 0.009). The KI group did not show significant difference from the NC group (p > 0.05). AgF is comparable to ampicillin in antibacterial effects on S. mutans, and better than FP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Antibacterial Effects of Silver Fluoride and Difluorosilane-based Varnish on Streptococcus mutans

Lee¹,

An²

2022

J Korean Acad Pediatr Dent

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“…Dental caries remains a major problem in adults and is especially prominent in children (1)(2)(3). The most effective measures for preventing tooth decay involve the use of fluoride, either added to the water supply, incorporated into toothpaste or the topical application of agents such as silver diamine fluoride (SDF) (4). Despite numerous studies in the literature, the exact aetiology of the action of fluoride on reducing demineralisation is not fully understood, although it is thought to involve the acid dissolution of hydroxyapatite (HAP) and the reprecipitation of a less soluble fluorapatite (FAP) or a highly fluoridesubstituted HAP (5)(6)(7)(8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of fluoride on in vitro hydroxyapatite demineralisation analysed by 19F MAS-NMR

Ferizoli,

Cresswell-Boyes,

Anderson

et al. 2023

Front. Dent. Med

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IntroductionFluoride plays a major role in inhibiting enamel dissolution and promoting fluorapatite formation. Porous hydroxyapatite (HAP) discs can be used as an enamel analogue in artificial demineralisation/remineralisation studies.MethodThe aim of the study was to monitor the fluoride-mineral phases formed on HAP surfaces as a function of fluoride concentration ([F−]) under demineralising conditions, using 19F magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR) spectroscopy, and compare the results with a previous study using an enamel substrate. Porous HAP blocks were immersed in demineralisation solutions (0.1 M acetic acid, pH 4.0) with increasing [F−] (0–1450 ppm).ResultsAt below 50 ppm [F−], 19F MAS-NMR showed fluoride-substituted apatite formation; above 50 ppm [F−], calcium fluoride (CaF2) was formed in increasing proportions. These results mirrored those of previous similar studies with an enamel substrate. Further increases in fluoride caused no further measurable reduction in demineralisation but increased the proportion of CaF2 formed. The total calcium concentration [Ca] and total phosphorus [P] concentrations in the solution were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. At high fluoride concentrations, the solution total [P] increased, and the molar Ca:P ratios decreased to values consistent with the formation of CaF2. However, Ca:P ratios found at low [F−] were higher than those in the previous enamel study and consistent with the formation of a partially fluoridated apatite.ConclusionsUnder demineralising conditions, CaF2 formed on HAP at [F−] of 50 ppm and above, whereas fluoridated apatite formed at [F−] below 50 ppm. The results were consistent with those obtained when an enamel substrate was used.

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Characterization of chemical reactions of silver diammine fluoride and hydroxyapatite under remineralization conditions

Kaur,

Shahid,

Karpukhina

et al. 2024

Front. Oral. Health

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IntroductionSilver Diammine Fluoride (SDF) is a clinically used topical agent to arrest dental caries. However, the kinetics of its chemical interactions with hydroxyapatite (HA), the principal inorganic component of dental enamel, are not known. The aim was to characterize the step-wise chemical interactions between SDF and HA powder during the clinically important process of remineralization.MethodsTwo grams of HA powder were immersed in 10 ml acetic acid pH = 4.0 for 2 h to mimic carious demineralization. The powder was then washed and dried for 24 h and mixed with 1.5 ml SDF (Riva Star) for 1 min. The treated powder was then air-dried for 3 min, and 0.2 g was removed and stored in individual tubes each containing 10 ml remineralizing solution. Powder was taken from each tube at various times of exposure to remineralization solution (0 min, 10 min, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 24 h, and 10 days), and characterized using Magic Angle Spinning-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MAS-NMR) spectroscopy.Results and discussion19F MAS-NMR spectra showed that calcium fluoride (CaF2) started to form almost immediately after HA was in contact with SDF. After 24 h, the peak shifted to −104.5 ppm suggesting that fluoride substituted hydroxyapatite (FSHA) was formed with time at the expense of CaF2. The 31P MAS-NMR spectra showed a single peak at 2.7 ppm at all time points showing that the only phosphate species present was crystalline apatite. The 35Cl MAS-NMR spectra showed formation of silver chloride (AgCl) at 24 h. It was observed that after the scan, the whitish HA powder changed to black color. In conclusion, this time sequence study showed that under remineralization conditions, SDF initially reacted with HA to form CaF2 which is then transformed to FSHA over time. In the presence of chloride, AgCl is formed which is subsequently photo-reduced to black metallic silver.

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Effect of topically applied silver compounds on the demineralisation of hydroxyapatite

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Antibacterial Effects of Silver Fluoride and Difluorosilane-based Varnish on Streptococcus mutans

Antibacterial Effects of Silver Fluoride and Difluorosilane-based Varnish on Streptococcus mutans

Effects of fluoride on in vitro hydroxyapatite demineralisation analysed by 19F MAS-NMR

Characterization of chemical reactions of silver diammine fluoride and hydroxyapatite under remineralization conditions

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