Effect of torrefaction on rice straw physicochemical characteristics and particulate matter emission behavior during combustion

Xing, Kai; Meng, Yuxia; Yang, Tianhua; Li, Bingshuo; Xing, Wanli

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.032

Cited by 59 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This could be related to further oxidation reactions on the surface, which also lead to the formation of stable, lignin-rich materials with micropore development. Since a very slow heating rate was utilized during the oxidative torrefaction based on the oxidative thermostabilization approach, the lignin structure was further stabilized as a result of cross-linking and increased softening temperature, T g . ,, Similar microstructural features were observed for different biomass samples (e.g., pine wood, oil palm fiber, and eucalyptus) after oxidative or nonoxidative torrefaction. ,,, It should be also noted that relatively smaller sized channels were observed for the torrefied MG-biomass samples in comparison to the HW samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…43,44,72 Similar microstructural features were observed for different biomass samples (e.g., pine wood, oil palm fiber, and eucalyptus) after oxidative or nonoxidative torrefaction. 38,39,73,74 It should be also noted that relatively smaller sized channels were observed for the torrefied MG-biomass samples in comparison to the HW samples.…”

Section: Energy and Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Preparation of Highly Porous Carbon through Slow Oxidative Torrefaction, Pyrolysis, and Chemical Activation of Lignocellulosic Biomass for High-Performance Supercapacitors

et al. 2019

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Seven kinds of highly porous activated carbon were prepared from two different lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks (hybrid willow and miscanthus grass) by utilizing four different processing routes, which generally include variations of the pyrolysis, slow oxidative torrefaction, and KOH chemical activation. The activated carbons were evaluated for potential application within the electrodes of double layer supercapacitors. The synthesized activated carbons showed high specific surface area (up to 3265 m2/g), hierarchical pore structure composed of micro-/meso-/macropores with large pore volume (up to 1.535 cm3/g), and rich oxygen content (10.9–19.2 at. %). Their surface area, pore structure/volume, microstructure, and surface functional groups were highly influenced by processing routes, which in turn determined their electrochemical performance and stability. In particular, pretreating the biomass samples via slow oxidative torrefaction substantially increased their surface area, total pore volume, and meso-/micropore volume, and the surface chemistry of these materials showed a higher concentration of carboxyl groups. The performance of two-electrode symmetrical supercapacitors was evaluated in a 6 M KOH aqueous electrolyte. They exhibited relatively high specific capacitance of 70.2–162.3 F/g under constant current density of 100 mA/g, with a high cycling stability based on the capacitance retention of 95.1–99.9% after 1000 cycles. In addition, an increase of 25.0–62.2 F/g was achieved in specific capacitance by including the pyrolysis and/or slow oxidative torrefaction in the synthesis protocol. The sample (HW-D) that exhibited the best performance also maintained 94.1% of its specific capacitance after 5000 charge/discharge cycles at 100 mA/g. The synthesis strategies including the slow oxidative torrefaction pretreatment showed great promise for preparing low-cost, porous carbon materials from renewable biomass sources that are highly suitable for incorporation in supercapacitors and other electrochemical applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Energy and Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Preparation of Highly Porous Carbon through Slow Oxidative Torrefaction, Pyrolysis, and Chemical Activation of Lignocellulosic Biomass for High-Performance Supercapacitors

et al. 2019

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“…The annual output of global biomass is approximately 100 billion tons from various sources. 1 For example, in EU member states, it included crop residues (about 70%), forest residues (16%), and other biomass wastes (14%). 2 This huge amount of agricultural wastes has the potential for various utilization purpose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Components and Persistent Free Radicals in the Volatiles during Pyrolysis of Lignocellulose Biomass

Tao

Yang

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Persistent free radicals (PFRs) may cause negative impacts to human health and the environment because of the induced reactive oxygen species. We expect that PFRs could be generated in the condensable volatiles formed during lignocellulose biomass pyrolysis. Elucidating the structural origin and the formation mechanism of PFRs is important for an in-depth understanding of air pollutants from the pyrolysis or combustion of lignocellulose biomass. This work selected rice straw and pine sawdust to represent agricultural and forest biomass residues. The pyrolysis mechanism, volatile components, and PFR generation were discussed based on the analysis of thermogravimetry−Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy−mass spectrometry (MS), pyrolysis−gas chromatography/MS, and electron spin resonance (ESR). Levoglucosan, furans, and 2-methoxyphenols were the main pyrolytic compounds for cellulose (CL), hemicellulose (HC), and lignin (LG), respectively. Obvious ESR signals were detected in the condensable volatiles of LG, while no ESR signals were detected for those of CL and HC. Higher ESR signals were detected in lignocellulose with a higher content of LG. Therefore, LG was the main structural basis to generate PFRs in lignocellulose condensable volatiles, mostly attributed to the methoxyphenol components. This study provides useful information regarding the generation mechanisms of and the structures related to PFRs, which is essential to understand the risks of lignocellulose pyrolytic volatiles.

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“…Based on the observation, gin waste lost the least amount of weight (9.67%) due to the highest amount of lignin compared to RS (30.68%) and WS (23.86%) [ 100 ]. On the other hand, torrefied RS contributed to a heterogeneous condensation of potassium chloride (KCl) vapour due to higher concentrations of K and Cl in PM, which increased with the rise in temperature during the torrefaction process [ 101 ].…”

Section: Pre-treatment Of Rice Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Sustainable Utilization of Rice Residues for Bioenergy Conversion Using Different Valorization Techniques, Their Challenges, and Techno-Economic Assessment

Kaniapan

Pasupuleti

Nesan

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The impetus to predicting future biomass consumption focuses on sustainable energy, which concerns the non-renewable nature of fossil fuels and the environmental challenges associated with fossil fuel burning. However, the production of rice residue in the form of rice husk (RH) and rice straw (RS) has brought an array of benefits, including its utilization as biofuel to augment or replace fossil fuel. Rice residue characterization, valorization, and techno-economic analysis require a comprehensive review to maximize its inherent energy conversion potential. Therefore, the focus of this review is on the assessment of rice residue characterization, valorization approaches, pre-treatment limitations, and techno–economic analyses that yield a better biofuel to adapt to current and future energy demand. The pre-treatment methods are also discussed through torrefaction, briquetting, pelletization and hydrothermal carbonization. The review also covers the limitations of rice residue utilization, as well as the phase structure of thermochemical and biochemical processes. The paper concludes that rice residue is a preferable sustainable biomass option for both economic and environmental growth.

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Effect of torrefaction on rice straw physicochemical characteristics and particulate matter emission behavior during combustion

Cited by 59 publications

References 36 publications

Preparation of Highly Porous Carbon through Slow Oxidative Torrefaction, Pyrolysis, and Chemical Activation of Lignocellulosic Biomass for High-Performance Supercapacitors

Preparation of Highly Porous Carbon through Slow Oxidative Torrefaction, Pyrolysis, and Chemical Activation of Lignocellulosic Biomass for High-Performance Supercapacitors

Components and Persistent Free Radicals in the Volatiles during Pyrolysis of Lignocellulose Biomass

A Review of the Sustainable Utilization of Rice Residues for Bioenergy Conversion Using Different Valorization Techniques, Their Challenges, and Techno-Economic Assessment

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