Effect of trans-Cinnamaldehyde and High Pressure Treatment on Physico-chemical and Microbial Properties of Milk during Storage Periods

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of trans-cinnamaldehyde and high pressure treatment on milk. Cinnamon oil milk was manufactured by high speed homogenization (3,000 rpm) and high pressure homogenization (500 and 2,000 bar) processing UHT milk and trans-cinnamaldehyde of various concentrations (0 to 0.1% (w/v)). Cinnamon oil milk was inoculated with Escherichia coli (6.4 Log CFU/mL) and kept at 7 o C for 10 d to observe the antibacterial effect. The cinnamon oil milk containing 0.05% (w/v) trans-cinnamaldehyde initially began to show an antibacterial effect and Escherichia coli completely died in cinnamon oil milk added 0.1% (w/v) trans-cinnamaldehyde on the 6th day of storage. The result of the TBA value showed that the addition of 0.1% (w/v) trans-cinnamaldehyde was also effective to protect lipid oxidation. In the physical properties of cinnamon oil milk, particle sizes were enlarged in all samples during storage periods and the total color difference of cinnamon oil milk was slightly increased as level of high pressure. The surface tension of cinnamon oil milk treated 2,000 bar was remarkably higher than other samples. It seems that trans-cinnamaldehyde showed antibacterial activity and antioxidation effect at 0.05 and 0.1% (w/v) of concentration. Remarkably, high pressure treatment did not influence its microbial property but slightly affected the physical properties of cinnamon oil milk.

Effect of Palm or Coconut Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) on Growth of Lactobacillus plantarum in Milk

“…The particle size and ζ-potential value of all SLNs did not change over the storage period, and there was no significant difference with respect to the oil type and concentration. As per the study conducted by Chun et al . (2013) , the particle size of cinnamon oil milk was increased significantly as storage period of progressed for all cinnamon oil milk.…”

“…A constant decrease in the pH of all SLNs from 6.72 to 6.00 ( p <0.05) was observed during storage period. A study by Chun et al . (2013) reported slight increase in the pH of cinnamon oil milk with increasing cinnamon oil concentration; however, no significant difference was reported during storage.…”

Progress of nanopreparation technology applied to volatile oil drug delivery systems

“…Frankincense oil NE were found to be effective in inducing apoptosis in cancer cells with minimal cytotoxic effects on normal lung cells, demonstrating the potential of frankincense oil NE to enhance the activity of systemic anti-lung cancer drugs [ 22 ]. In addition, many other volatile oils and their important constituents, including buckwheat flavonoids [ 23 ], limonene [ 24 ], cinnamon oil, coconut oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, palm oil, jojoba [ 25 ], red raspberry seed [ 26 ], peppermint [ 27 ], tea tree [ 28 ], clove [ 29 , 30 ], oregano [ 31 ], chilli pepper [ 32 ], and citrus [ 33 ], linseed [ 34 ], cinnamon [ 23 ], bitter fennel [ 24 ], thyme [ 35 , 36 ], Carlina acaulis L. [ 37 ], fritillary [ 38 ], lemongrass [ 39 , 40 ], cumin [ 41 ], lemon [ 42 ], peppermint [ 43 ], black pepper [ 44 ], cloves [ [45] , [46] , [47] ], lemon [ 48 ], fennel [ 49 , 50 ], Cinnamon [ [51] , [52] , [53] ], Lavender [ 54 , 55 ], Laurel [ 56 ], Peppermint [ 49 ], Thyme [ 57 ], Astragalus [ 58 ], Celandine [ 59 ], Cumin [ 60 ], Nettle [ 46 ] and other volatile oils of TCM, were loaded in NE to improve solubility, solubility and bioavailability. NE have extraordinary properties and are expected to be nanocarriers for hydrophobic drugs.…”

“…The working mechanism of HPH is that the material undergoes violent collision in a narrow adjustable gap in the homogenizing valve, which achieves high pressure, high speed, and generates high shear, turbulence, cavitation effect, etc., which reduces the average particle size of the material, destroys the microstructure of the material, and thus affects the physical and chemical properties of the material and improves the quality and stability of the material [ 137 ]. HPH is usually chosen for the preparation of NE, and a large number of research teams have prepared NE containing cloves [ 29 , 30 ], oregano [ 31 ], chilli [ 32 ], citrus [ 33 ], linseed [ 34 ], cinnamon [ 23 ], bitter fennel [ 24 ], thyme [ 35 , 36 ], Carlina acaulis L. [ 38 ], fritillary [ 39 , 40 ], lemongrass [ 42 ], cumin [ 43 ], and lemon grass [ 44 ]. In addition, the HPH preparation technique has been widely used in SLN [ 89 , [138] , [139] , [140] , [141] , [142] ], for example, in the preparation of SLN drug-carrying systems containing volatile oils such as Artemisia absinthium [ 143 ], Fritillaria angustifolia [ 108 ], Zataria multiflora [ 144 ], clove [ 37 ], curved [ 41 ], poplar, Lippia sidoides, pomelo bark, and arbutin.…”

Inhibition of growth, biofilm formation, virulence, and surface attachment of Agrobacterium tumefaciens by cinnamaldehyde derivatives

“…The cinnamaldehyde obtained from essential oils has been categorized as generally regarded as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and has been approved for used in foods ( Wei et al, 2011 ) and given status “A” by the Council of Europe for use in food ( Friedman, 2017 ). Due to its characteristic aroma, color, and taste, trans -cinnamaldehyde ( t -CNMA) is used medically and as a flavoring agent ( Chun et al, 2013 ). Furthermore, t -CNMA has been reported to have anti-QS ( Zhang et al, 2018 ), antibiofilm ( Yu et al, 2020 ), and antibacterial effects ( Yossa et al, 2014 ) against several food and clinical pathogens including Erwinia carotovora ( Zhang et al, 2018 ), Pseudomonas fluorescens ( Zhang et al, 2018 ), Campylobacter spp.…”