Effect of transforming growth factor-β3 on mono and multilayer chondrocytes

Abstract

Articular cartilage is an avascular and flexible connective tissue found in joints. It produces a cushioning effect at the joints and provides low friction to protect the ends of the bones from wear and tear/damage. It has poor repair capacity and any injury can result pain and loss of mobility. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), a cytokine superfamily, regulates cell function, including differentiation and proliferation. Although the function of the TGFβs in various cell types has been investigated, their function in cartilage repair is as yet not fully understood. The effect of TGF-β3 in biological regulation of primary chondrocyte was investigated in this work. TGF-β3 provide fibroblastic morphology to chondrocytes and therefore overall reduction in cell proliferation was observed. The length of the cells supplemented with TGF-β3 were larger than the cells without TGF-β3 treatment. This was caused by the fibroblast like cells (dedifferentiated chondrocytes) which occupied larger areas compared to cells without TGF-β3 addition. The healing process of the model wound closure assay of chondrocyte multilayer was slowed down by TGF-β3, and this cytokine negatively affected the strength of chondrocyte adhesion to the cell culture surface.

Enhanced wound‐healing performance of a phyto‐polysaccharide‐enriched dressing – a preclinical small and large animal study

“…TGF‐β is involved in many processes in wound healing, including inflammation, stimulation of angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation, collagen synthesis and depositing and remodelling from the new extracellular matrix, demonstrating its important role in the burn injury recovery process . TGF‐β functions as a wound healing‐promoting factor; therefore, if produced in excessive amounts, it may produce over‐healing outcomes, such as keloid and hypertrophic scarring.…”

“…In addition, the pathogenesis of pain is associated with the modulation of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β, which is an important inflammatory cytokine and anti‐inflammatory factor . Moreover, TGF‐β can enhance cell proliferation, wound healing and scar formation, which are important in the process of burn injury recovery . An inflammatory response occurs in patients with burn injuries.…”

Fabrication and Characterizations of Hydrogels for Cartilage Repair

“…If a material has very high viscosity, it is not seen as an advantage, because it would prevent the flow of nutrients to the defect site for the healing process. 21,22 A drawback of very low value for loss modulus would mean poor adhering ability of the material which would prevent the scaffold fixating at the defect site. [23][24][25] This study shows that the hydrogels formed during the experiment have the potential to be used as scaffolds for articular cartilage.…”

The role of photonics and natural curing agents of TGF-β1 in treatment of osteoarthritis

“…Latest research on transgenic mice studies point out that TGF-β signalling pathways play a critical and unique role in chondrocytes during the development of osteoarthritis, and progress by driving chondrocytes toward hypertrophy, encouraging osteo-progenitor cell differentiation into osteoblasts alongside stimulating fibrosis [12]. It is a perceived fact that large amounts of TGF-β1 are present in healthy cartilage however in the samples of cartilage on which osteoarthritis has had its effect, TGF-β1 content is lower in quantity; this fact being supported by the research of renowned scientists worldwide [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. In order to further support these findings, an experiment was carried out where naïve murine knee joints were injected with the TGF-β1.…”