Effect of treatment status on prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle in schizophrenia

Duncan, Erica; Szilágyi, Sándor; Efferen, Toby R.; Schwartz, Marion; Parwani, Arti; Chakravorty, Subhajit; Madonick, Steven; Kunzova, Alena; Harmon, James W.; Angrist, Burt; Gonzenbach, Stephen; Rotrosen, John

doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1372-z

Cited by 60 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In contrast to clozapine, Duncan et al (2003a) found that patients treated with olanzapine had levels of PPI comparable to patients treated with haloperidol or patients who are not treated at all, whereas this group as a whole showed significantly less PPI compared with healthy controls. This indicates that not every atypical antipsychotic is capable of normalizing PPI deficits, which also seems to be confirmed by a similar study of this group (Duncan et al, 2003b). In addition, in a recent study by Kumari et al (2006), patients treated with olanzapine and risperidone showed levels of PPI that were not significantly different from either healthy controls or from patients treated with typical antipsychotics (who showed significantly less PPI than the healthy controls).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 69%

The Effects of Increased Central Serotonergic Activity on Prepulse Inhibition and Habituation of the Human Startle Response

Jensen

Oranje

Wienberg

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Sensorimotor gating is critical to normal brain functioning, and disruptions are associated with certain mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia. Prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex (ASR) (PPI) is an operational measure of sensorimotor gating, of which evidence for a serotonergic modulation is currently inconsistent. In a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover design, 18 healthy male volunteers received either placebo or a dose of 10 mg of escitalopram (SSRI), after which they were tested in both PPI and habituation of the startle reflex paradigms. No significant differences between the two treatments were observed on PPI, although escitalopram was found to significantly delay habituation of the ASR. In the current study, escitalopram was found to delay habituation, but it did not affect PPI in healthy male volunteers. As escitalopram is a highly specific SSRI, the results suggest that an increased serotonergic activity disrupts habituation, but not PPI in healthy volunteers.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 69%

The Effects of Increased Central Serotonergic Activity on Prepulse Inhibition and Habituation of the Human Startle Response

Jensen

Oranje

Wienberg

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…ANCOVA with the baseline startle amplitude serving as the covariate seems an obvious solution to take into account of startle difference between groups (Aasen et al 2005;Duncan et al 2003;Frankland et al 2004;Vollenweider et al 2006;Weike et al 2000;Yee et al 2004). However, the use of ANCOVA for this purpose may not be entirely appropriate:…”

Section: Baseline Startle Reaction As a Covariate: The Use Of Ancova mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the influence of baseline startle reactivity on the indexation of prepulse inhibition.

Csomor¹,

Yee²,

Vollenweider³

et al. 2008

Behavioral Neuroscience

106

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Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex refers to the reduction of the reflexive startle response to an intense pulse stimulus when its presentation is shortly preceded by a weak prepulse stimulus. PPI is considered as a cross-species translational model of sensorimotor gating, and deficient PPI has been reported in a number of neuropsychiatric disorders. Although a part of the literature is based on the assumption that PPI is independent of the baseline startle reaction, there is accumulating evidence (Csomor et al., 2006;Sandner & Canal, 2007;Yee, Chang, Pietropaolo, & Feldon, 2005) that argues against such an independency. The authors systematically investigated whether PPI indexed as percentage or difference score is dependent on the magnitude of baseline startle reactivity in healthy human volunteers and in C57BL/6 mice. The results revealed that both indexations of PPI were affected by the magnitude of the baseline startle. The authors highlight the pitfalls of different methods to index PPI, especially when startle reactivity differs considerably between groups under comparison, and offer practical recommendations to satisfactorily deal with such baseline differences.

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“…Duncan and colleagues (2003) tested unmedicated, de-compensated schizophrenia patients and retested them 3 months after antipsychotic treatment (Duncan et al, 2003). They found continued impaired PPI in the face of symptomatic improvement; however, this study did not include a non-schizophrenia comparison group, limiting the ability to draw definitive conclusions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between sensorimotor gating and clinical improvement in acutely ill schizophrenia patients

Minassian

Feifel

Perry

2007

Schizophrenia Research

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It has been suggested that sensorimotor gating deficits as indexed by prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex represent an endophenotypic marker of psychotic conditions such as schizophrenia (SCZ). This hypothesis has been questioned as several studies have found that PPI levels change with improvement in symptoms and are responsive to medications. We tested PPI in a sample of acutely decompensated schizophrenia patients who were re-tested after 2 weeks of hospital treatment. PPI was assessed at three interstimulus intervals (30, 60, and 120 ms) in 23 SCIDdiagnosed SCZ patients shortly after admission to an inpatient psychiatric hospital. Eight of these patients were initially tested in a medication-free state, and all were re-tested approximately 2 weeks later after initiation or increase/change of antipsychotic medications. Symptom ratings were collected at both sessions. 20 nonpatient comparison subjects (NCS) were also tested at a 2-week interval. While SCZ patients showed lower PPI at the first session than NCS, after 2 weeks of treatment their PPI increased to levels not different than those of NCS. In contrast, the PPI of NCS remained consistent over a 2-week period. For the SCZ patients, increase in PPI was correlated with a decrease in symptom scores. Our results suggest that PPI can be improved by short-term treatment, and that improvement in sensorimotor gating is associated with treatment-related improvement of symptoms of schizophrenia.

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Effect of treatment status on prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle in schizophrenia

Abstract: Our results do not support the hypothesis that impaired sensorimotor gating in schizophrenia improves with antipsychotic treatment. Rather, impaired gating persists despite symptomatic improvement on medication.

Cited by 60 publications

References 33 publications

The Effects of Increased Central Serotonergic Activity on Prepulse Inhibition and Habituation of the Human Startle Response

The Effects of Increased Central Serotonergic Activity on Prepulse Inhibition and Habituation of the Human Startle Response

On the influence of baseline startle reactivity on the indexation of prepulse inhibition.

The relationship between sensorimotor gating and clinical improvement in acutely ill schizophrenia patients

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