Effect of treatment with trypanocides on Trypanosoma brucei induced oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities in dogs

Abstract

Oxidative stress and alteration of endogenous antioxidant enzymes play roles in the pathophysiological mechanism of trypanosomosis. The oxidative stress marker: malondialdehyde- MDA and antioxidative stress markers: Serum catalase- CAT, Serum Reduced Glutathione -GSH-Rd and Serum Superoxide dismutase- SOD of Nigerian local dogs (NLD) experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei were evaluated after treatments with diminazene aceturate (DA) and isometamidium chloride (IMC). Twenty dogs of age 3 – 4 months were assigned to any of the four groups of five dogs each as follows: 1 = infected and treated with DA (7.0 mg/kg); 2 = uninfected untreated; 3 = infected and untreated; 4 = infected and treated with IMC (0.5 mg/kg). DA and IMC cleared the parasites from the blood, following treatment of the dogs. Relapse was recorded in two dogs in group 1 and one dog in group 4 on days 35 and 56 post-infection (PI) respectively. No dog died except one in group 1. The levels of malondialdehyde- MDA increased significantly by day 7 post-infection in all the infected groups. However, by day 14 post-infection the malondialdehyde levels in group 4 became similar with group 2. The MDA level in group 1 remained significantly higher than in group 2. As from days 7 – 14 post-infection Catalase, Reducedg glutathionend superoxide dismutase levels in the infected groups were significantly lower than group 2. Nevertheless, both trypanocides did not return the levels of CAT, GSH, and SOD to pre-infection values before the termination of the experiment. The findings suggested that the two trypanocides could neither reverse the induced oxidative stress nor normalize the antioxidant capacity of the dogs infected with T. brucei.

Serum and stress marker indices of West African dwarf goats challenged with trypanosoma evansi and then treated with artemether-lumefantrine

“…(2021) for SOD and GSH, while only MDA at day 35 of T. brucei infection of the dogs had a similar trend with the current study. The reversal of the increasing GSH by the Artemether and Diminazene drugs at day 37 of infection of the goats with Surra was also not observed in the report of Akpa et al (2021) that used Diminazene and Isomethamedium Chloride in the treatment of T. brucei infected canine. The zero mortality reported for the Artemether treated group (Salifu et al, 2021) for caprine surra infection may have suggested the ability of the antimalaria drug to having the ability in lowering the AST, ALT, Albumin, Total protein and GSH when compared to Diminazene treated group that had mortality due to relapse.…”

“…Enzymes such as aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT) levels are raised (Sharma et al, 2022). Oxidative stress and alteration of antioxidant enzymes have shown some level of correlation to diseases such as trypanosomiasis (Akpa et al, 2021). The quantification of serum concentrations of oxidative stress markers such as Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione-S-Transferase (GSH) and Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD) and antioxidant enzymes also facilitates detection of diseases in mammals (Winter et al, 2009).…”