Effect of treatment with vitamin D<sub>3</sub> on the responses of the duodenum of spontaneously hypertensive rats to bradykinin and to potassium

Feres, Teresa; Vianna, Lúcia Marques; Paiva, Antonio C.M.; Therezinha,; Paiva, Bruna R.

doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1992.tb09072.x

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…3 Studies in spontaneously hypertensive rats have shown decreased blood pressure on oral administration of supplemental vitamin D, as well as improvements in endothelial cell-dependent vasodilation. [5][6][7] Two cross-sectional studies examining vitamin D intake and blood pressure in humans reported conflicting results. Sowers et al examined 86 normotensive young women (20 to 35 years of age) and 222 normotensive older women (55 to 80 years of age).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4 Oral supplementation with vitamin D lowers blood pressure in hypertensive rats. [5][6][7] In humans, cross-sectional data suggest an association between low vitamin D intake (Ͻ400 IU per day) and higher blood pressure, 8 and a single interventional study in vitamin D-deficient elderly women found that a combination of calcium and vitamin D supplementation had a greater blood pressure-lowering effect than calcium supplementation alone. 9 However, there are no prospective data in the general population that higher vitamin D intake lowers the risk of hypertension.…”

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Vitamin D Intake and Risk of Incident Hypertension

et al. 2005

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Abstract-Emerging evidence suggests an inverse relation between vitamin D and blood pressure. We examined the independent association between intake of vitamin D and the risk of incident hypertension among participants of 3 large and independent prospective cohorts: Nurses Health Study I (NHS I; nϭ77 436), NHS II (nϭ93 803), and Health Professionals' Follow-up Study (HPFS; nϭ38 074). Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals for incident hypertension were computed according to quintiles of vitamin D intake using Cox proportional hazards regression and adjusted for relevant covariates. Each cohort was followed for Ն8 years. Vitamin D intake was not associated with the risk of developing hypertension. Growing evidence points to vitamin D as having an important association with blood pressure. Data from animal studies implicate circulating active vitamin D as an inhibitor of renin expression in the juxtaglomerular apparatus as well as an inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. 3,4 Oral supplementation with vitamin D lowers blood pressure in hypertensive rats. [5][6][7] In humans, cross-sectional data suggest an association between low vitamin D intake (Ͻ400 IU per day) and higher blood pressure, 8 and a single interventional study in vitamin D-deficient elderly women found that a combination of calcium and vitamin D supplementation had a greater blood pressure-lowering effect than calcium supplementation alone. 9 However, there are no prospective data in the general population that higher vitamin D intake lowers the risk of hypertension.To determine whether higher vitamin D intake is associated with a lower risk of incident hypertension, we analyzed data from 3 large prospective cohort studies that together comprised Ͼ200 000 participants from the 2 Nurses' Health Studies and the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study (HPFS). Methods Study PopulationsThe older cohort of women (Nurses' Health Study I [NHS I]) was assembled in 1976, when 121 700 female nurses 30 to 55 years of age returned an initial questionnaire. 10 The younger cohort of women (NHS II) was assembled in 1989, when 116 671 female registered nurses 25 to 42 years of age returned a mailed questionnaire. 11 In 1986, 51 529 male health professionals 40 to 75 years of age who returned an initial questionnaire were enrolled (HPFS). 12 Subsequent questionnaires have been mailed every 2 years to update information on health-related behavior and medical events. Detailed dietary information was collected every 4 years using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. 13 The assembly of the 3 populations for the purpose of this study is outlined in the Figure. Assessment of Vitamin D IntakeThe semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire asks about commonly used portion sizes of various foods and prompts participants to record the frequency of consumption during the previous year, with 9 potential response categories ranging from less than once per month to Ն6 times per day; this questionnaire has been validated in these as well as sever...

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Vitamin D Intake and Risk of Incident Hypertension

et al. 2005

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“…In addition, the risk of incident hypertension was lower in a 4-year prospective study among men and women with higher plasma levels of 25(OH) vitamin D 16. Animal studies have also shown that oral supplementation with vitamin D lowered blood pressure in hypertensive rats; in this model vitamin D inhibited renin expression in the juxtaglomerular apparatus and inhibited smooth muscle proliferation 17-20…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation on Blood Pressure

et al. 2008

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Abstract-Experimental and epidemiological studies suggest that calcium and vitamin D supplements may lower blood pressure. We examined the effect of calcium plus vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure and the incidence of hypertension in postmenopausal women. The Women's Health Initiative Calcium/Vitamin D Trial randomly assigned 36 282 postmenopausal women to receive 1000 mg of elemental calcium plus 400 IU of vitamin D3 daily or placebo in a double-blind fashion. Change in blood pressure and the incidence of hypertension were ascertained. Over a median follow-up time of 7 years, there was no significant difference in the mean change over time in systolic blood pressure (0.22 mm Hg; 95% CI: Ϫ0.05 to 0.49 mm Hg) and diastolic blood pressure (0.11 mm Hg; 95% CI: Ϫ0.04 to 0.27 mm Hg) between the active and placebo treatment groups. This null result was robust in analyses accounting for nonadherence to study pills and in baseline subgroups of interest, including black subjects and women with hypertension or high levels of blood pressure, with low intakes of calcium and vitamin D or low serum levels of vitamin D. In 17 122 nonhypertensive participants at baseline, the hazard ratio for incident hypertension associated with calcium/vitamin D treatment was 1.01 (95% CI T he role of calcium in the prevention and treatment of hypertension is controversial, despite decades of study. An overall healthy dietary pattern that is rich in calcium from low-fat dairy products, fruits, and vegetables has been shown to lower blood pressure substantially compared with a typical diet higher in fat and sodium and lower in calcium, magnesium, potassium, and fiber. 1-4 However, meta-analyses [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] and systematic reviews 13 of the epidemiological and clinical trial evidence regarding dietary intake of calcium as a single nutrient have generally concluded that the effect on systolic blood pressure (BP) lowering is small, on the order of 2 mm Hg. The effect on diastolic BP, if any, may be even smaller. Nevertheless, at a population level, sustained BP lowering of this degree by calcium supplementation could have important benefits on cardiovascular disease.:Although the relation between vitamin D and BP has been less studied, 2 small, short-term intervention studies suggest that vitamin D, either as ultraviolet light exposure or as an oral supplement, may lower BP. 14,15 In addition, the risk of incident hypertension was lower in a 4-year prospective study among men and women with higher plasma levels of 25(OH) vitamin D. 16 Animal studies have also shown that oral supplementation with vitamin D lowered BP in hypertensive rats; in this model vitamin D inhibited renin expression in the juxtaglomerular apparatus and inhibited smooth muscle proliferation. [17][18][19][20]

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“…20 In the case of the rat mesenteric artery, evidence in the literature suggests that apamin-sensitive Ca 2ϩ -dependent K ϩ channels may be the main ion channels mediating the endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizing response to ACh. 21,22 These channels were found to be impaired in mesenteric vessels 23 as well as in other visceral 24 smooth muscles of the SHR. This could be responsible for the reduced endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizing and relaxation responses to ACh in SHR mesenteric arteries, since the role of NO in the response was well preserved, and the participation of prostacyclin in the relaxation appeared to be insignificant.…”

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confidence: 98%

“…This could be responsible for the reduced endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizing and relaxation responses to ACh in SHR mesenteric arteries, since the role of NO in the response was well preserved, and the participation of prostacyclin in the relaxation appeared to be insignificant. 11,13,14,18,25,26 Oral administration of cholecalciferol was shown to normalize the blood pressure 4,27 as well as the functioning of Ca 2ϩ -dependent K ϩ channels in SHR visceral 24 and vascular 4 smooth muscles without increasing the serum calcium concentration. 4 We have now investigated the effect of that treatment on the impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation and hyperpolarizing responses to ACh in the isolated mesenteric vascular bed and mesenteric arterial rings of SHR.…”

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Effect of Cholecalciferol Treatment on the Relaxant Responses of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Arteries to Acetylcholine

et al. 1999

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Abstract-We studied the effect of oral cholecalciferol treatment on the endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation and hyperpolarization induced by acetylcholine (ACh), which is impaired in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Adult female SHR and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY) controls received 125 g of cholecalciferol per kilogram body weight per day for 6 weeks. The responses to ACh of the isolated mesenteric vascular bed and mesenteric artery rings were measured, as well as the smooth muscle cell membrane potential. After cholecalciferol treatment, the systolic blood pressure and basal perfusion pressure of the mesenteric vascular bed of the SHR fell to control levels. The relaxant and hyperpolarizing effects of ACh, which are reduced in SHR, were also brought to control levels after cholecalciferol treatment. These effects of ACh were inhibited by N -nitro-L-arginine in SHR and by apamin in WKY. After cholecalciferol treatment, SHR hyperpolarizing responses showed the same inhibition pattern as those of WKY. This indicates that, after cholecalciferol treatment, SHR vascular mesenteric preparation responses to ACh are mediated by endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, which induces activation of Ca 2ϩ -dependent K ϩ channels, as in WKY. In untreated SHR, the ACh-mediated response is entirely due to ACh acting via the release of nitric oxide.

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Effect of treatment with vitamin D₃ on the responses of the duodenum of spontaneously hypertensive rats to bradykinin and to potassium

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

Vitamin D Intake and Risk of Incident Hypertension

Vitamin D Intake and Risk of Incident Hypertension

Effect of Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation on Blood Pressure

Effect of Cholecalciferol Treatment on the Relaxant Responses of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Arteries to Acetylcholine

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Effect of treatment with vitamin D3 on the responses of the duodenum of spontaneously hypertensive rats to bradykinin and to potassium

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

Vitamin D Intake and Risk of Incident Hypertension

Vitamin D Intake and Risk of Incident Hypertension

Effect of Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation on Blood Pressure

Effect of Cholecalciferol Treatment on the Relaxant Responses of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Arteries to Acetylcholine

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Product

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Effect of treatment with vitamin D₃ on the responses of the duodenum of spontaneously hypertensive rats to bradykinin and to potassium