Effect of tree age on needle morphology and anatomy of Pinus uliginosa and Pinus silvestris – species-specific character separation during ontogenesis

Non-linear response of stomata in Pinus koraiensis to tree age and elevation

“…Trees show a variety of morphological, anatomical and photosynthetic changes as they grow up and age (Niinemets 2002;England and Attiwill 2006;Boratyńska et al 2008;Zhao et al 2008). Consistent with our first hypothesis, tree age significantly affected stomatal parameters.…”

“…Consistent with our first hypothesis, tree age significantly affected stomatal parameters. We observed, as Boratyńska et al (2008) did, that 25-year-old P. koraiensis trees had the lowest number of stomatal rows and stomatal density compared to the older trees. Since water transport and transpiration rate increase with tree age, stomatal density or stomatal number may increase with tree age (Apple et al 2002;Zhao et al 2008).…”

Decline ofPinus thunbergiiParlat. stands due to excess soil moisture caused by a buried andosol layer at a coastal sand site in Hokkaido, northern Japan

“…This implies that the reduction in needle length was caused by water stress. Water stress increases with tree height (Hanba et al 1997;Woodruff et al 2007), and the needle lengths of P. sylvestris and P. uliginosa derease with tree age (Boratyńska et al 2008). However, needle length was not correlated with tree height in the present study, and the difference in needle length between saplings and adults was negligible (see Boratyńska et al 2008).…”

“…Water stress increases with tree height (Hanba et al 1997;Woodruff et al 2007), and the needle lengths of P. sylvestris and P. uliginosa derease with tree age (Boratyńska et al 2008). However, needle length was not correlated with tree height in the present study, and the difference in needle length between saplings and adults was negligible (see Boratyńska et al 2008). Excess soil moisture causes water stress in most tree species, and produces responses similar to drought conditions (Kozlowski and Pallardy 2002).…”

Distance between south-European and south-west Asiatic refugial areas involved morphological differentiation: Pinus sylvestris case study

“…The data for Mediterranean populations of P. sylvestris, however, had lower values for these characteristics than were found in populations from the boreal part of the species range (Boratyńska and Boratyński 2007, Figs. 6 and 7;Boratyńska et al 2008, Table 1). …”