Effect of Trichoderma velutinum and Rhizoctonia solani on the Metabolome of Bean Plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Abstract

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important food legume crops worldwide that is affected by phytopathogenic fungi such as Rhizoctonia solani. Biological control represents an effective alternative method for the use of conventional synthetic chemical pesticides for crop protection. Trichoderma spp. have been successfully used in agriculture both to control fungal diseases and to promote plant growth. The response of the plant to the invasion of fungi activates defensive resistance responses by inducing the expression of genes and producing secondary metabolites. The purpose of this work was to analyze the changes in the bean metabolome that occur during its interaction with pathogenic (R. solani) and antagonistic (T. velutinum) fungi. In this work, 216 compounds were characterized by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis but only 36 were noted as significantly different in the interaction in comparison to control plants and they were tentatively characterized. These compounds were classified as: two amino acids, three peptides, one carbohydrate, one glycoside, one fatty acid, two lipids, 17 flavonoids, four phenols and four terpenes. This work is the first attempt to determine how the presence of T. velutinum and/or R. solani affect the defense response of bean plants using untargeted metabolomics analysis.

Effects of Trichoderma harzianum on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Fruit Quality of Tomato Plants

“…In addition, the detailed metabolome and transcriptome analysis have shown that T. harzianum colonization strongly affects and remodels phenylpropanoid pathway of tomato plants [48]. Our data on decreased NBI in Trichoderma treated tomato plants of cultivar Gružanski zlatni indicates a shift from primary to secondary metabolism, and in accordance with previously cited papers, better resistance to diseases or insects might be expected [47,48].…”

“…The increase of total flavonoids and total polyphenols was also observed in leaves from 7 days up to 60 days after Trichoderma foliar application [14]. Moreover, six flavonoids that were significantly increased in bean plants in the presence of Trichoderma strain with major stimulation of plant growth have been identified [47]. In addition, the detailed metabolome and transcriptome analysis have shown that T. harzianum colonization strongly affects and remodels phenylpropanoid pathway of tomato plants [48].…”

The Application of Trichoderma Strains or Metabolites Alters the Olive Leaf Metabolome and the Expression of Defense-Related Genes

“…The untargeted analysis of olive leaf metabolome allowed the evaluation of significant differences between plants treated with the different Trichoderma strains or metabolites. This approach has been used in other studies on different plants and with different techniques [ 79 , 80 ]. Previous studies on olive leaves revealed differences in individual and total phenolic content depending upon both the season and the cultivar [ 18 ].…”

Selection of an Endophytic Streptomyces sp. Strain DEF09 From Wheat Roots as a Biocontrol Agent Against Fusarium graminearum

“…A large set of potentially bioactive strains was identified in this study. Strains able to significantly interfere with pathogen development also transiently affected plant growth, suggesting that a complex set of molecules is produced during the tripartite interaction (Mayo-Prieto et al, 2019). Our future goal will be to identify the determinants of these specific interactions occurring among the BCA, the fungus, and the host, as detailed knowledge of their interaction is essential for developing novel plant protection strategies (Berendsen et al, 2012).…”