Effect of trotting velocity on work patterns of the hind limbs of Greyhounds

Colborne, GR; Walker, Anna; Tattersall, Anna J; Fuller, Cathy J

doi:10.2460/ajvr.67.8.1293

Cited by 38 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It is interesting to compare our data for human running with equivalent data from studies that have investigated the effect of increasing trotting and/or galloping speeds on hindlimb joint mechanics for quadrupedal terrestrials, such as horses (Clayton et al, 2002;Dutto et al, 2006), goats (Arnold et al, 2013) and dogs (Colborne et al, 2006). While the mechanical behavior of a distal joint such as the ankle (or tarsus) is similar for quadrupeds and humans (i.e.…”

Section: Increasing Steady-state Walking Speedmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…a period of W À j during early stance followed by a period of W þ j during late stance, both of which increase in magnitude with faster speed), distinct differences are evident in the mechanical behavior of a proximal joint such as the hip, especially during stance. For quadrupeds, power is generated and positive work is done by the hindlimb hip for the majority of stance, although this profile appears more accentuated for horses (Dutto et al, 2006) and dogs (Colborne et al, 2006) than for goats (Arnold et al, 2013). As trotting or galloping speed becomes faster, peak hip power generation during stance increases substantially (Colborne et al, 2006;Dutto et al, 2006;Arnold et al, 2013); thus, the hip extensors are important muscles for powering quadrupedal locomotion.…”

Section: Increasing Steady-state Walking Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For quadrupeds, power is generated and positive work is done by the hindlimb hip for the majority of stance, although this profile appears more accentuated for horses (Dutto et al, 2006) and dogs (Colborne et al, 2006) than for goats (Arnold et al, 2013). As trotting or galloping speed becomes faster, peak hip power generation during stance increases substantially (Colborne et al, 2006;Dutto et al, 2006;Arnold et al, 2013); thus, the hip extensors are important muscles for powering quadrupedal locomotion. In contrast, for humans, the hip generates power during early stance before absorbing a larger amount of power in late stance (Fig.…”

Section: Increasing Steady-state Walking Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulation of work and power by the human lower-limb joints with increasing steady-state locomotion speed

Schache

Brown

Pandy

2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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We investigated how the human lower-limb joints modulate work and power during walking and running on level ground. Experimental data were recorded from seven participants for a broad range of steadystate locomotion speeds (walking at 1.59±0.09 m s −1 to sprinting at 8.95±0.70 m s −1). We calculated hip, knee and ankle work and average power (i.e. over time), along with the relative contribution from each joint towards the total (sum of hip, knee and ankle) amount of work and average power produced by the lower limb. Irrespective of locomotion speed, ankle positive work was greatest during stance, whereas hip positive work was greatest during swing. Ankle positive work increased with faster locomotion until a running speed of 5.01±0.11 m s ), the ankle's contribution to the average power generated (and positive work done) by the lower limb during stance significantly increased from 52.7±10.4% to 65.3±7.5% (P=0.001), whereas the hip's contribution significantly decreased from 23.0±9.7% to 5.5±4.6% (P=0.004). With faster running, the hip's contribution to the average power generated (and positive work done) by the lower limb significantly increased during stance (P<0.001) and swing (P=0.003). Our results suggest that changing locomotion mode and faster steady-state running speeds are not simply achieved via proportional increases in work and average power at the lower-limb joints.

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Section: Increasing Steady-state Walking Speedmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Increasing Steady-state Walking Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Increasing Steady-state Walking Speedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulation of work and power by the human lower-limb joints with increasing steady-state locomotion speed

Schache

Brown

Pandy

2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Dutto et al, 2006) and dogs (e.g. Colborne et al, 2005;Colborne et al, 2006) trotting on level surfaces.…”

Section: Joint Moments Powers and Work On Level Terrain And The Effementioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of joint moments and work in the goat hindlimb with locomotor speed and surface grade

Arnold

Lee

Biewener

2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYGoats and other quadrupeds must modulate the work output of their muscles to accommodate the changing mechanical demands associated with locomotion in their natural environments. This study examined which hindlimb joint moments goats use to generate and absorb mechanical energy on level and sloped surfaces over a range of locomotor speeds. Ground reaction forces and the three-dimensional locations of joint markers were recorded as goats walked, trotted and galloped over 0, +15 and −15deg sloped surfaces. Net joint moments, powers and work were estimated at the goatsʼ hip, knee, ankle and metatarsophalangeal joints throughout the stance phase via inverse dynamics calculations. Differences in locomotor speed on the level, inclined and declined surfaces were characterized and accounted for by fitting regression equations to the joint moment, power and work data plotted versus non-dimensionalized speed. During level locomotion, the net work generated by moments at each of the hindlimb joints was small (less than 0.1Jkg -1 body mass) and did not vary substantially with gait or locomotor speed. During uphill running, by contrast, mechanical energy was generated at the hip, knee and ankle, and the net work at each of these joints increased dramatically with speed (P<0.05). The greatest increases in positive joint work occurred at the hip and ankle. During downhill running, mechanical energy was decreased in two main ways: goats generated larger knee extension moments in the first half of stance, absorbing energy as the knee flexed, and goats generated smaller ankle extension moments in the second half of stance, delivering less energy. The goatsʼ hip extension moment in mid-stance was also diminished, contributing to the decrease in energy. These analyses offer new insight into quadrupedal locomotion, clarifying how the moments generated by hindlimb muscles modulate mechanical energy at different locomotor speeds and grades, as needed to accommodate the demands of variable terrain.

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“…As placas e plataformas de força têm sido utilizadas na avaliação das forças de reação ao solo em cães ao passo (BUDSBERG et al, 1987;KIRPENSTEIJN et al, 2000), trote ALLEN et al, 1994;RUMPH et al, 1994;BUDSBERG et al, 1995;BERTRAN et al, 1997;COLBORNE et al, 2006;FANCHON et al, 2006), galope (WALTER et al, 2007) e durante o salto (YANOFF et al, 1992).…”

Section: Cinética é O Estudo Das Relações Do Movimento E Das Forças Gunclassified

Análise da locomoção de cães portadores de displasia coxofemoral com o sistema de baropodometria

Oliveira¹

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DEDICATÓRIAThe animals were handled across force platform, at the walk, on the left side of the handler, at a constant speed. Twenty trials were recorded to database formation of peak vertical forces (PVF), vertical impulses (VI) and stance phase of forelimbs and hind limbs of the dogs with hip dysplasia and the same to healthy dogs. Five valid trials were obtained for statistical analysis. Among dogs, ground reaction forces were normalized and expressed as percentage of body weight (%BW). The average of stance phase for forelimbs and hind limbs of group I was 0,442 s ± 0,09, e 0,437s ± 0,088, respectively. In group II the values were 0,482 s ± 0,002 for forelimbs and 0,450 s ± 0,006 for hind limbs. In group I, the peak vertical force (PVF) and vertical impulse (VI) for forelimbs were 44,03%BW ± 4,7 and 12,52 %BW/s ± 4,04, respectively, and 27,87%BW ± 4,5 and 7,88 %BW/s ± 2,9 for hind limbs. In group II, the values of PVF and VI for forelimbs were 44,04%BW ± 6,7 e 13,08%BW/s ± 4,5,respectively. For hind limbs the average value of PVF 21,75%BW ± 5,7 and the average of VI was 6,3%BW/s ± 2,7. Peak vertical force was significantly decreased in hind limbs of group II when compared with group I (p=0.062). The other values of stance phase, PVF e VI for fore and hind limbs had no statistical difference. These values indicated decreased loading function in hind limbs of dogs with hip dysplasia, during the locomotion. The database of dogs with hip dysplasia, at the walk, was formed with these results and can be used in futures evaluations of various models of treatment for hip dysplasia.

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Effect of trotting velocity on work patterns of the hind limbs of Greyhounds

Abstract: Increases in trotting velocity in Greyhounds do not alter the basic patterns of work and power for various joints of the hind limbs, but local burst amplitudes during the stance phase increase incrementally.

Cited by 38 publications

References 5 publications

Modulation of work and power by the human lower-limb joints with increasing steady-state locomotion speed

Modulation of work and power by the human lower-limb joints with increasing steady-state locomotion speed

Modulation of joint moments and work in the goat hindlimb with locomotor speed and surface grade

Análise da locomoção de cães portadores de displasia coxofemoral com o sistema de baropodometria

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