Effect of tungsten/graphene/tungsten interface on helium diffusion kinetics and mechanical properties and defects of tungsten as first wall material - first principle calculation

Geng, Jun; Guo, S.; Zhang, Zhao Chun; Guo, Hai Bo; Xie, Yao Ping

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.156760

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Nevertheless, it is not applicable for large-scale applications because of their high cost and scarcity to use . Accordingly, finding out earth-abundant, non-toxic, and economically suitable catalysts to possibly replace the high-cost materials for practical applications is required . For the above multiple reasons, researchers have analyzed various materials such as non-metallic compounds, transition metal-based and alkaline metal-based oxides, molybdates, tungstates, sulfides, phosphides, nitrides, carbides, and so forth. − Among the various materials, metal tungstates have been used as attractive substances in wide applications because of their unique structural and magnetic properties to build superior electrocatalysts, which are employed in diverse applications such as humidity sensors, scintillators, and optical fibers. , Especially, rare-earth ion-doped metal tungstates have superior thermal and chemical stability and have also been employed in various applications including solid-state lasers, white light-emitting diodes, solar cells, and so forth .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 7 Accordingly, finding out earth-abundant, non-toxic, and economically suitable catalysts to possibly replace the high-cost materials for practical applications is required. 8 For the above multiple reasons, researchers have analyzed various materials such as non-metallic compounds, transition metal-based and alkaline metal-based oxides, molybdates, tungstates, sulfides, phosphides, nitrides, carbides, and so forth. 9 − 11 Among the various materials, metal tungstates have been used as attractive substances in wide applications because of their unique structural and magnetic properties to build superior electrocatalysts, which are employed in diverse applications such as humidity sensors, scintillators, and optical fibers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neodymium-Doped Novel Barium Tungstate Nanospindles for the Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction

et al. 2023

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In this work, pristine, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06 M neodymium (Nd)-doped barium tungstate nanostructures were synthesized via a simple co-precipitation method for the water oxidation process. The obtained X-ray diffraction high-intensity peak at a 2θ value of 26.4°corresponding to the (112) lattice plane confirmed the formation of a tetragonal structure of BaWO 4 . Moreover, the BaWO 4 morphology was examined by scanning electron microscopy, which showed the existence of nanospindles. An energydispersive X-ray spectrum confirmed the subsistence of the produced materials, for example, barium (Ba), tungsten (W), oxide (O), and neodymium (Nd), with weight percentages of 28.58, 46.63, 16.64, and 8.16%, respectively. The 0.04 M Nd-doped BaWO 4 product was explored to attain a high surface area of 18.18 m 2 /g, a pore volume of 0.079 cm 3 /g, and a pore diameter of 2.215 nm. Compared to the other prepared electrodes, the 0.04 M Nd-doped BaWO 4 product exhibited low overpotential values of 330 mV and 450 mV to deliver current densities of 10 mA/cm 2 and 50 mA/ cm 2 , respectively. In addition, the optimized electrode achieved a small Tafel slope value of 158 mV dec −1 and followed the Volmer− Heyrovsky mechanism. Moreover, the electrical conductivity of BaWO 4 was tuned due to the addition of a rare-earth metal dopant, and it exhibited the charge-transfer resistance and solution resistance values of 0.98 and 1.01 Ω, respectively. The prepared electrocatalyst was further studied by using cyclic voltammetry, and it exhibited a high double-layer capacitance value of 29.3 mF/ cm 2 and high electrochemically active surface areas of 1.465 cm 2 . The electrochemical performance was greatly improved depending on the concentration of the doping agent, and it was well consistent with the obtained results. The best electrocatalyst was subjected to a chronoamperometry test, which exhibited excellent stability even after 20 h. Hence, this work suggests that alkaline metal tungstates have a cost-effective, efficient, and promising electrocatalyst, and it is a new approach for the water oxidation process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neodymium-Doped Novel Barium Tungstate Nanospindles for the Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction

et al. 2023

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“…Due to its low sputtering rate, good electrical conductivity and high melting point metal tungsten are regarded as one of the finest first-wall materials. 25,26 The bonds energy of M-H ads is much more for titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, and other transition metals to successfully catalyze HER. Iron, nickel, cobalt, copper, and other transition metals, on the other hand, are unable to bond with the intermediates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An inclusive perspective on the recent development of tungsten‐based catalysts for overall water‐splitting : A review

Abdullah

Ali

Pervaiz

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary The problems of energy shortages, environmental pollution and the ever‐increasing global population are creating serious concerns for mankind. For a sustainable future, it is essential to explore clean and renewable alternate energy sources. The green energy consumption model aims towards a future with a competent and sustainable hydrogen economy to fulfill the global energy demands. Water‐splitting is a promising method for clean hydrogen production. A highly active noble metal‐free catalyst is the main pre‐requisite, to make the process energy‐efficient and economical. An optimum catalyst lowers the energy required for the disassociation of water by driving down the overpotential of the process. Tungsten‐based materials are an considered effective catalyst for water‐splitting due to natural availability, environmental friendliness, high photostability, high electron mobility, large hole diffusion length and high catalytic activities. In recent years, a diverse range of tungsten‐based materials has been developed as photo/electro catalysts for water‐splitting. This review aims to present a comprehensive understanding and timely reference for the progress of tungsten‐based catalysts in this field. This study begins with the fundamental principle of water splitting and the properties of tungsten and its hybrids then moves on to different techniques for producing binary/ternary nanocomposites for overall water splitting. A comprehensive overview of the recent developments in tungsten‐based photo/electro catalysts for overall water splitting is then presented with the techniques to enhance the catalyst activity, such as morphological control, surface modification, heteroatom doping, and heterojunction construction. Finally, recommendations for the future are proposed.

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“…The coating technique is considered to be an effective method to address this problem as it can directly cut off the diffusion channel for oxidizing gases. [ 8,9 ] Tungsten (W) is the most commonly used material for elevated‐temperature applications, such as plasma‐facing material (PFM) in some existing tokamaks (ASDEX‐Upgrade, JET) [ 10,11 ] and rocket engine components. [ 8,9,12,13 ] W boasts some interesting unique properties, including a high melting point, good corrosion resistance, and low vapor pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 8,9,12,13 ] W boasts some interesting unique properties, including a high melting point, good corrosion resistance, and low vapor pressure. [ 10–14 ] Previous studies [ 15 ] show that the W layer prepared by atmospheric plasma spray (APS) on the surface of C/C composites exhibit better ablation resistance compared with uncoated composites. However, in a high‐heat‐flux service environment, the ablation resistance of pure W is severely damaged due to its brittleness and poor antioxidization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and Ablation Behavior of W/ZrC/SiC Coating on C/C Composites Prepared by Reactive Melt Infiltration and Atmospheric Plasma Spraying

Zhou

Niu

et al. 2021

Adv Eng Mater

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A W/ZrC/SiC multilayer coating is prepared on carbon/carbon (C/C) composites by reactive melt infiltration (RMI) and atmospheric plasma spray (APS). The morphology and microstructure of the coating are characterized by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM‐EDS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and focused ion beam (FIB) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Microstructure analysis reveals that the gradient coatings exhibit smooth surface morphology, well‐defined interfaces, uniform thickness, and a highly dense architecture. After 60 s of ablation, the linear ablation rates (LARs) and mass ablation rates (MARs) of the coated composites stand at 2.58 × 10−3 mm s−1 and 5.25 × 10−3 g s−1, respectively. In general, the reason for the great ablation resistance of W/ZrC/SiC‐coated C/C composites is the comprehensive effect of the multilayer coating. The outer W coating is used as the first barrier layer to resist most thermal shocks. Then, the molten eutectics SiO2–ZrO2 formed in the ZrC/SiC layer at service temperature can fill the pores and act as a second diffusion barrier for oxygen and heat.

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Effect of tungsten/graphene/tungsten interface on helium diffusion kinetics and mechanical properties and defects of tungsten as first wall material - first principle calculation

Cited by 23 publications

References 36 publications

Neodymium-Doped Novel Barium Tungstate Nanospindles for the Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Neodymium-Doped Novel Barium Tungstate Nanospindles for the Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction

An inclusive perspective on the recent development of tungsten‐based catalysts for overall water‐splitting : A review

Microstructure and Ablation Behavior of W/ZrC/SiC Coating on C/C Composites Prepared by Reactive Melt Infiltration and Atmospheric Plasma Spraying

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