Effect of Turbulence Intensity on the Rate of Air Entrainment by Plunging Water Jets.

Ervine, Da; McKeogh, Eamon; Elsawy, Em

doi:10.1680/iicep.1980.2545

Cited by 80 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Presumably Tu decays in the smooth section. However, a power law regression of pipe data for x b fits non-pipe data [17,18] best with no decay. While we assume there is no decay in Tu 0 in this work, ultimately, Kusui's data is imprecise about how x b varies with Tu 0 .…”

Section: Experimental Data Compilationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conditional damped random surface velocity model of turbulent jet breakup

Trettel¹

2018

Preprint

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A turbulent jet breakup model is derived using concepts from probability theory. Velocity fluctuations at the free surface are hypothesized to be the cause of turbulent jet breakup. We formalize this idea by treating the fluctuations as random variables, subject to damping from the free surface. In contrast to previous theories, we use a conditional ensemble average to determine quantities of interest because not all fluctuations produce droplets. An energy balance and a closure model are used to determine the Sauter mean diameter. Similar approaches are used to determine the breakup onset location, breakup length, and spray angle. A criteria for the transition to the turbulent atomization regime is derived under the hypothesis that the cause is a change in the minimum velocity from the Hinze scale to the Kolmogorov scale. To validate the model, we compiled data from previous experimental studies using long pipe nozzles. The little data for rough pipes was used to include turbulence intensity in our study.

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Section: Experimental Data Compilationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The regression was cross-validated with non-pipe x b data [17,18]. This alternative data set has lower turbulence intensity (0.3% < Tu c0 < 8.0%) than the pipe jets in our database (5.4% < Tu 0 < 12.7%).…”

Section: Breakup Length X Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditional damped random surface velocity model of turbulent jet breakup

Trettel¹

2018

Preprint

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“…The turbulence action at the jump generates small air bubbles. The air entry will depend on different variables, as the upstream Froude number of the jet (Kalinske & Robertson, 1943), jet velocity (Kenn & Zanker, 1967), the recirculating vortex (Goldring et al, 1980), the surface roughness of the jet (Ervine et al, 1980). Chanson (1995) , Chanson & Gualtieri (2008), and Gualtieri & Chanson (2007) noted that viscous and surface tension effects are important for air entrainment of hydraulic jumps.…”

Section: Air Entrainmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boundary between air entrainment and air transport downstream of a hydraulic jump in circular conduits

Pozos¹,

González²,

Pedrozo³

et al. 2014

Hydraulic Structures and Society - Engineering Challenges and Extremes

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“…2 Top). At plunge point, air may be entrapped when the impacting flow conditions exceeding a critical threshold (McKEOGH 1978, ERVINE et al 1980, CUMMINGS and CHANSON 1999. McKEOGH (1978) showed first that the flow conditions at inception of air entrainment are functions of the jet turbulence level.…”

Section: Local (Singular) Aeration Mechanism: Air Entrapment At Plungmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air–water flows

2004

Hydraulics of Dams and River Structures

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Hydraulic researchers had been leading air-water flow studies until the mid-1950s. Since progresses have been dominated by multiphase flow experts despite the relevance of "white water" phenomena to hydraulic engineering. In this lecture the writer reviews the basic mechanisms of air entrainment: singular aeration and interfacial entrainment. The relevant instrumentation and data processing technique are detailed. Later recent progresses in unsteady flow measurements and in seawater are discussed.

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Effect of Turbulence Intensity on the Rate of Air Entrainment by Plunging Water Jets.

Cited by 80 publications

References 1 publication

Conditional damped random surface velocity model of turbulent jet breakup

Conditional damped random surface velocity model of turbulent jet breakup

Boundary between air entrainment and air transport downstream of a hydraulic jump in circular conduits

Air–water flows

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