Effect of two sitting postures on lumbar sagittal alignment and intervertebral discs in runners

Dimitriadis, A.; Smith, Francis W.; Mavrogenis, Af; Pope, Malcolm H.; Papagelopoulos, Panayiotis J.; Karantanas, Apostolos H.; Hadjipavlou, Alexander; Katonis, Pavlos

doi:10.1007/s11547-011-0748-8

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…[ 16 ] noted no difference in the posterior disc bulge from supine to upright neutral. In addition, disc height may significantly reduce after activity[ 35 ] and with increasing axial loads. [ 36 ] In our study, the disc bulge was significantly larger at L4/5 and L5/S1 in the symptomatic group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upright magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine: Back pain and radiculopathy

Nguyen

Doan

Shabani

et al. 2016

J Craniovert Jun Spine

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Background:Lumbar back pain and radiculopathy are common diagnoses. Unfortunately, conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and clinical symptoms do not necessarily correlate in the lumbar spine. With upright imaging, disc pathologies or foraminal stenosis may become more salient, leading to improvements in diagnosis.Materials and Methods:Seventeen adults (10 asymptomatic and 7 symptomatic volunteers) provided their informed consent and participated in the study. A 0.6T upright MRI scan was performed on each adult in the seated position. Parameters were obtained from the L2/3 level to the L5/S1 level including those pertaining to the foramen [cross-sectional area (CSA), height, mid-disc width, width, thickness of ligamentum flavum], disc (bulge, height, width), vertebral body (height and width), and alignment (lordosis angle, wedge angle, lumbosacral angle). Each parameter was compared based on the spinal level and volunteer group using two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA). Bonferroni post hoc analysis was used to assess the differences between individual spinal levels.Results:Mid-disc width accounted for 56% of maximum foramen width in symptomatic volunteers and over 63% in asymptomatic volunteers. Disc bulge was 48% greater in symptomatic volunteers compared to asymptomatic volunteers. CSA was generally smaller in symptomatic volunteers compared to asymptomatic volunteers, particularly at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 spinal levels. Thickness of ligamentum flavum (TLF) generally increased from the cranial to caudal spinal levels where the L4-L5 and L5-S1 spinal levels were significantly thicker than the L1-L2 spinal level.Conclusions:The data implied that upright MRI could be a useful diagnostic option, as it can delineate pertinent differences between symptomatic volunteers and asymptomatic volunteers, especially with respect to foraminal geometry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upright magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine: Back pain and radiculopathy

Nguyen

Doan

Shabani

et al. 2016

J Craniovert Jun Spine

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“…Previous studies have suggested that for IVDs, activities such as walking provide a "probable healthy" range of load based on the size, speed, direction, and type [15,16]. Acute effects of running have been reported, with an average decrease of 1 mm in lumbar IVDs height after 1 h of running and a decrease in IVDs height and volume after moderate-intensity running [17,18]. However, middleaged men with >10 years of running experience showed differences in IVDs status, suggesting that long-term running may delay IDD [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between acceleration during running at optimal speed and changes in the T2 times of the lumbar intervertebral disc

Hakkaku,

Kubo,

Koyama

et al. 2024

Preprint

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T2 times by magnetic resonance imaging techniques has been used to examine the beneficial effects of exercise on the human intervertebral disc (IVDs). The magnitude, frequency, and duration of running can contribute to both beneficial and detrimental responses. Slow running (7-9 km/h) is considered the optimal range. By revealing the detailed loading direction and acute changes in T2 times that occur in the IVDs, the positive effects of running on the IVDs can be explored. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between load during slow running and changes in the T2 times of lumbar IVDs before and after running. Sixteen healthy male students were fitted with a triaxial accelerator and ran on a treadmill at 8 km/h for 1 min. Three lumbar T2 times from the L3/L4 to L5/S1 levels were measured before and after exercise using magnetic resonance imaging, and the analysis divided into five regions of interest. Acceleration was 0.23 ± 0.06 root mean square in the X-axis (mediolateral), 1.37 ± 0.08 in the Y-axis (vertical), and 0.30 ± 0.06 in the Z-axis (anteroposterior). An analysis of the correlation between the change in T2 time and acceleration showed a strong correlation, particularly in the Z-axis (anteroposterior direction) acceleration. At L3/L4, a positive correlation was observed for the posterior nucleus (r = 0.72, p = 0.002,R2= 0.59), at L4/L5, a positive correlation was observed for the central nucleus (r = 0.73, p = 0.003, R2 = 0.49); in L5/S1, a negative correlation was observed for the anterior annulus fibrosus (r = -0.73, p = 0.01,R2= 0.48). These results suggest that anteroposterior loading may play a significant role in the response of the IVDs.

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“…Therefore, direct measurement of the mechanical behavior of a disc under load could provide a more comprehensive picture of disc health, including the physical origin of pain, than structure or content biomarkers alone. In prior studies, measurement of nominal changes in disc height via MRI (Dimitriadis et al 2012), video fluoroscopy (Nagel et al 2014), ultrasound (Zheng et al 2014), and dynamic radiographic imaging (Byrne, Aiyangar,Zhang 2019) under extension and flexion have been used to estimate disc deformation in vivo . However, these methods are often based on nominal measures (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intervertebral Disc Elastography to Relate Shear Modulus and Relaxometry in Compression and Bending

Davis,

Gossett,

Wilson

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Intervertebral disc degeneration is the most recognized cause of low back pain, characterized by the decline of tissue structure and mechanics. Image-based measures of elastography (e.g., strain, stiffness) may provide an ideal assessment of disc function that is lost in the pathogenesis of degeneration, but unfortunately remains underdeveloped. Moreover, it is unknown whether strain or stiffness of the disc may be predicted by MRI relaxometry (e.g. T1 or T2), an increasingly accepted quantitative measure of disc structure. In this study, we utilized a workflow to quantify T1 and T2 relaxation times and in-plane strains using displacement-encoded MRI within the disc; furthermore, we calculated patterns of shear modulus under physiologically relevant levels of compression and bending and in orthogonal image planes. We found that intratissue strain depended on the loading mode, and shear modulus in the nucleus pulposus was typically an order of magnitude lower than the annulus fibrosis, except in bending, where the apparent stiffness depended on the loading. However, the shear modulus did not correlate well with structural measures of relaxometry in all regions of the disc. Estimations of relative shear modulus from strain data derived under compression did not correspond with those derived from bending experiments, with no correlations in any of the 15 regions examined in the sagittal plane and only 4 of 15 correlated positively in the coronal plane. These results suggest future work in inverse models that incorporate data from multiple loading conditions. Functional imaging and strain-based estimation of material properties such as shear modulus may serve as imaging biomarkers to predict relaxometry in the healthy and diseased joint. Additionally, image-based elastography and relaxometry may be viewed as complementary measures of disc structure and function to assess degeneration in longitudinal studies.

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Effect of two sitting postures on lumbar sagittal alignment and intervertebral discs in runners

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Upright magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine: Back pain and radiculopathy

Upright magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine: Back pain and radiculopathy

The relationship between acceleration during running at optimal speed and changes in the T2 times of the lumbar intervertebral disc

Intervertebral Disc Elastography to Relate Shear Modulus and Relaxometry in Compression and Bending

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