Effect of two species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation on development of micro-propagated yam plantlets and suppression of Scutellonema bradys (Tylenchideae)

Abstract

Using two commercially available arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) products, one based on Funneliformis mosseae and the other on Glomus dussii, an experiment was conducted to assess their effect on yam growth and ability to suppress nematode damage in pots. Four yam cultivars (cvs) were used: two Dioscorea alata cvs (TDa98-01183 and TDa98-165), and two Dioscorea rotundata cvs (TDr97-00551 and TDr 745). Micropropagated yam plantlets were inoculated either with F. mosseae or with G. dussii at the stage of transplanting into 2L pots and-one month later-with 500 vermiform Scutellonema bradys. The plantlets were grown for further six months in the greenhouse at IITA-Ibadan. The results showed that the presence of AMF tended to lead to improved growth of yam, especially D. alata cvs, as compared with the non-arbuscular mycorrhizal control plants. When challenged with the yam nematode S. bradys, plantlets of the two D. alata cultivars pre-inoculated with F. mosseae and cv TDr97-00551 pre-inoculated with G. dussii yielded significantly higher tuber weights compared to non-AMF control plantlets. S. bradys densities on yam plantlets pre-inoculated with AMF were generally suppressed, although no differences were observed in visible damage scores, which remained low or absent across treatments.

Can arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi and NPK fertilizer suppress nematodes and improve tuber yield of yam (Dioscorea rotundata ‘cv’ ewuru)?

“…This was also true in the present study except that the non-mycorrhizal plants with nematodes out yielded plants with mycorrhizae and nematode parasites. The observation in the present study that AMF did not improve yam tuber weight compared with the control is in contrast with previous reports (Odoh and Oluwasemire, 2015;Tchabi et al, 2016). The observation is however similar to the report of Sidibe et al (2015) for yam.…”

“…This is contrary to what was observed in this study where yam tuber yield of fertilized pots with either AMF or nematode inoculation had the highest weight. Although AMF generally suppressed nematode population on yam roots, tuber and soil similar to the report of Tchabi et al (2016), but the effect was not as pronounced as that of the application of NPK mineral fertilizer.…”

“…Likewise, mycorrhizae may decrease or increase nematode penetration, development and reproduction. Previous studies showed the efficiency of indigenous AMF on yam growth (Tchabi et al, 2016). The present study aimed at determining the effects of NPK mineral fertilizer, AMF inoculation on the performance of yam planted in plant parasitic nematodes infested soil.…”

Biological Control of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes by Filamentous Fungi Inducers of Resistance: Trichoderma, Mycorrhizal and Endophytic Fungi

“…One example is the reduction of P. penetrans infestation in apple seedlings by AMF (Ceustermans et al, 2018), and of Meloidogyne arenaria in red ginger (Alpinia purpurata) by Gigaspora albida, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, and Acaulospora longula (Da Silva-Campos et al, 2017), or the control of the migratory endoparasitic nematode Scutellonema bradys in yam (Dioscorea spp.) by F. mosseae and Glomus dussii (Tchabi et al, 2016). In contrast, Frew et al (2018) described that the root application of Claroideoglomus entunicatum, Funneliformis coronatum, R. irregularis, and F. mosseae in wheat produced an increase of the plant-parasitic nematode Pratylenchus neglectus populations.…”

Integrated Nematode Management

“…Strains of Actinobacteria, endophytic fungi, mycorrhizal fungi and Trichoderma spp. have been applied effectively for the management of S. bradys in studies (Tchabi et al, 2016). Upgrading their delivery method and improved persistence using nano techniques or combinations with organic amendments will foster development of products for large-scale use.…”