Effect of ultra-fast heating on microstructure and mechanical properties of cold-rolled low-carbon low-alloy Q&amp;P steels with different austenitizing temperature

Tan, Xiang-Yang; Lu, Wenjun; Rao, Xi

doi:10.1016/j.matchar.2022.112086

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…This approach aligns with standard practices in XRD analysis for austenite quantification and avoids the complexities associated with the (111)γ peak. [14,15] The lattice parameter was then calculated using Equation (2) based on {200} ferrite peak, where λ, {hkl}, and θ hkl are the wavelength of radiation, the three Miller indices, and the Bragg angle, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach aligns with standard practices in XRD analysis for austenite quantification and avoids the complexities associated with the (111) γ peak. [ 14,15 ] The lattice parameter was then calculated using Equation (2) based on {200} ferrite peak, where λ , { hkl }, and θ hkl are the wavelength of radiation, the three Miller indices, and the Bragg angle, respectively.

a = \frac{\lambda \sqrt{h^{2} &amp;#x00026;amp;amp;amp;amp;plus; k^{2} &amp;#x00026;amp;amp;amp;amp;plus; l^{2}}}{2 \text{sin} \left(\theta\right)_{h l}}

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing Mechanical Properties of Carbon–Silicon Steel through Two‐Stage Quenching and Partitioning with Bainitic Transformation: Ultimate Tensile Strength of 1875 MPa and Total Elongation of 8.03%

Masoumi,

Centeno,

Tressia

et al. 2024

steel research int.

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To achieve the desired microstructural properties, the ongoing development and innovation in new structural steels require novel thermal processing. This study aims to improve the mechanical properties of a commercial spring carbon–silicon steel by tailoring its microstructure through a process involving quenching and partitioning (Q&P) followed by bainitic transformation. A two‐stage Q&P process is proposed to generate a nanoscale dispersion of stable retained austenite and carbides within the tempered martensite and bainite microstructure. The resulting tensile properties demonstrate a yield strength of 1280 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 1875 MPa, and a total elongation of 8.03%. These values surpass those of conventional spring 9254 steel, highlighting the effectiveness of the thermal treatment design. Microstructure analysis reveals the presence of tempered martensite, bainite sheaves, nanoscale carbides, and aggregates of retained austenite. Moreover, the resulting body‐centered cubic matrix exhibits minimal lattice tetragonality of ≈1.0051, coupled with stable retained austenite featuring a carbon concentration of ≈3.42 ± 0.5 wt%, resulting in outstanding strength–ductility properties. These findings indicate that the proposed two‐stage Q&P process, followed by bainitic transformation, significantly enhances the mechanical properties of carbon–silicon steels, making it a promising candidate for high‐performance spring applications.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach aligns with standard practices in XRD analysis for austenite quantification and avoids the complexities associated with the (111) γ peak. [ 14,15 ] The lattice parameter was then calculated using Equation (2) based on {200} ferrite peak, where λ , { hkl }, and θ hkl are the wavelength of radiation, the three Miller indices, and the Bragg angle, respectively.

a = \frac{\lambda \sqrt{h^{2} &amp;#x00026;amp;amp;amp;amp;plus; k^{2} &amp;#x00026;amp;amp;amp;amp;plus; l^{2}}}{2 \text{sin} \left(\theta\right)_{h l}}

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Mechanical Properties of Carbon–Silicon Steel through Two‐Stage Quenching and Partitioning with Bainitic Transformation: Ultimate Tensile Strength of 1875 MPa and Total Elongation of 8.03%

Masoumi,

Centeno,

Tressia

et al. 2024

steel research int.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…With the increase in Ej, the MED defined by LAGBs are coarsened (Figure 7 and Table 4), In fact, the γ→α phase transformation is accompanied by the diffusion of C atoms from α to γ due to the higher solubility of C atoms at γ, and the C-rich retained austenite (γ') forms during this period. γ' can be stable at relatively high temperature because of the high C content, and then transform into M/A constituents in the air cooling process [43]. With the increase in E j from 15 kJ/cm to 75 kJ/cm, the high-temperature residence time gradually prolongs, and the diffusion of C becomes more sufficient.…”

Section: Effect Of Ej On Cghaz Tensile Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Heat Input on Microstructure and Tensile Properties in Simulated CGHAZ of a V-Ti-N Microalloyed Weathering Steel

Hu,

Wang,

Wang

2023

Metals

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The mechanical properties of a coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) are affected by welding thermal cycling with varied heat input (Ej), but its effect on tensile properties is rarely studied. In the present work, Ej = 15, 35, 55, 75 kJ/cm CGHAZ samples were prepared via GleebleTM (St. Paul, MN, USA) for a novel V-Ti-N microalloyed weathering steel. The tensile properties of CGHAZ with varied Ej were evaluated. The results indicated that mixed microstructures dominated by lath bainitic ferrite (LBF) and granular bainitic ferrite (GBF) were obtained at Ej = 15 and 35 kJ/cm, respectively, while a mixed microstructure composed of GBF, intragranular acicular ferrite (IGAF), and polygon ferrite (PF) formed at Ej = 55 and 75 kJ/cm, apart from martensite/austenite (M/A) constituents in each Ej condition. The above variation tendency in the microstructure with the increase in Ej led to coarsening of low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) and a decrease in dislocation density, which in turn resulted in a yield strength (YS) decrease from 480 MPa to 416 MPa. The mean equivalent diameter (MED), defined by the misorientation tolerance angles (MTAs) ranging from 2–6°, had the strongest contribution to YS due to their higher fitting coefficient of the Hall–Petch relationship. In addition, the increase in the average size (dM/A) of M/A constituents from 0.98 μm to 1.81 μm and in their area fraction (fM/A) from 3.11% to 4.42% enhanced the strain-hardening stress. The yield strength ratio (YR) reduced as the Ej increased, and the lower density and more uniform dislocations inside the ferrite led to a uniform elongation (uE) increase from 9.5% to 18.6%.

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“…While the Q&P process is widely used to improve the plasticity of cold-rolled sheet steels for use in the automotive industry [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], the relationship between the strength and the impact toughness in thick-plate Q&P steels with multiphase microstructures is still debated. Recent studies suggest that the steel microstructures composed of carbon-depleted martensite and an increased fraction of RA are generally desired to accommodate significant plastic strain during tensile deformation due to the transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect [ 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength–Toughness of a Low-Alloy 0.25C Steel Treated by Q&P Processing

et al. 2023

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Quenching and partitioning (Q&P) treatments were applied to 0.25C steel to produce the microstructures that exhibit an improved balance of mechanical properties. The simultaneous bainitic transformation and carbon enrichment of retained austenite (RA) during the partitioning stage at 350 °C result in the coexistence of RA islands with irregular shapes embedded in bainitic ferrite and film-like RA in the martensitic matrix. The decomposition of coarse RA islands and the tempering of primary martensite during partitioning is accompanied by a decrease in the dislocation density and the precipitation/growth of η-carbide in the lath interiors of primary martensite. The best combinations of a yield strength above 1200 MPa and an impact toughness of about 100 J were obtained in the steel samples quenched to 210–230 °C and subjected to partitioning at 350 °C for 100–600 s. A detailed analysis of the microstructures and the mechanical properties of the steel subjected to Q&P, water quenching, and isothermal treatment revealed that the ideal strength–toughness combinations could be attributed to the mixture of the tempered lath martensite with finely dispersed and stabilized RA and the particles of η-carbide located in the lath interiors.

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Effect of ultra-fast heating on microstructure and mechanical properties of cold-rolled low-carbon low-alloy Q&P steels with different austenitizing temperature

Cited by 22 publications

References 57 publications

Enhancing Mechanical Properties of Carbon–Silicon Steel through Two‐Stage Quenching and Partitioning with Bainitic Transformation: Ultimate Tensile Strength of 1875 MPa and Total Elongation of 8.03%

Enhancing Mechanical Properties of Carbon–Silicon Steel through Two‐Stage Quenching and Partitioning with Bainitic Transformation: Ultimate Tensile Strength of 1875 MPa and Total Elongation of 8.03%

Effect of Heat Input on Microstructure and Tensile Properties in Simulated CGHAZ of a V-Ti-N Microalloyed Weathering Steel

Strength–Toughness of a Low-Alloy 0.25C Steel Treated by Q&P Processing

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