Effect of urban development, limestone dissolution and preventive mechanisms on the groundwater levels at the Sphinx archaeological area, Egypt

Bekhit, Hesham M.; Hassan, Ahmed; Abd-Elmegeed, Mohamed A.

doi:10.1201/b13167-29

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…A threat comes from the eastern edge where the Nazlet El-Samman suburb, a golf course, and the Sound and Light Gardens will raise the groundwater level, decrease the outflow from the archaeological area, and consequently raise the water level at the site. A new threat along the western edge of the area is due to the mass urbanization studied by Bekhit et al (2013), who stated that increasing the head along the western boundary by 1 m reduces the outflow from the western boundary by about 1120 m 3 day −1 . Decreasing the water head along the western boundary increases the outflow from the western boundary by about 1060 m 3 day −1 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shallow geophysical techniques to investigate the groundwater table at the Great Pyramids of Giza, Egypt

Sharafeldin

Essa

Youssef

et al. 2019

Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst.

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Abstract. The near-surface groundwater aquifer that threatened the Great Pyramids of Giza, Egypt, was investigated using integrated geophysical surveys. A total of 10 electrical resistivity imaging, 26 shallow seismic refraction, and 19 ground-penetrating radar surveys were conducted in the Giza Plateau. Collected data for each method were evaluated by state-of-the art processing and modeling techniques. A three-layer model depicts the subsurface layers and better delineates the groundwater aquifer and water table elevation. The resistivity of the aquifer layer and seismic velocity vary between 40 and 80 Ωm and between 1500 and 2500 m s−1, respectively. The average water table elevation is about +15 m, which is safe for the Great Sphinx, but it is still subjected to potential hazards from the Nazlet El-Samman suburb where the water table elevation reaches 17 m. A shallower water table at the Valley Temple and the tomb of Queen Khentkawes, with a low topographic relief, represents severe hazards. It can be concluded that a perched groundwater table is detected in the elevated topography to the west and southwest that might be due to runoff and capillary seepage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%