Effect of urban form on microclimate and energy loads: Case study of generic residential district prototypes in Nanjing, China

Zhang, Mingjie; Gao, Zhi

doi:10.1016/j.scs.2021.102930

Cited by 61 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…They significantly impact the thermal building mass and the shade patterns [ 155 ]. These parameters also negatively correlate with the LST and AT [ 307 ]. The influence of these aspects makes it challenging to infer one universal relation.…”

Section: Discussion and Urban Design Strategy Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depending on the season and context, it may positively or negatively affect thermal comfort and the environment. The increase in the built-up areas’ density reduces the annual energy demand [ 249 , 309 ] but makes the heating load more sensitive to solar radiation [ 238 , 307 ]. Moreover, intensified anthropogenic heat emitted from buildings may modify the thermal response of other city geometry parameters [ 310 ].…”

Section: Discussion and Urban Design Strategy Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Future of Climate-Resilient and Climate-Neutral City in the Temperate Climate Zone

Antoszewski

Krzyżaniak

Świerk

2022

IJERPH

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The urban heat island (UHI) effect is the main problem regarding a city’s climate. It is the main adverse effect of urbanization and negatively affects human thermal comfort levels as defined by physiological equivalent temperature (PET) in the urban environment. Blue and green infrastructure (BGI) solutions may mitigate the UHI effect. First, however, it is necessary to understand the problem from the degrading side. The subject of this review is to identify the most essential geometrical, morphological, and topographical parameters of the urbanized environment (UE) and to understand the synergistic relationships between city and nature. A four-stage normative procedure was used, appropriate for systematic reviews of the UHI. First, one climate zone (temperate climate zone C) was limited to unify the design guidelines. As a result of delimitation, 313 scientific articles were obtained (546 rejected). Second, the canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was performed for the obtained data. Finally, our research showed the parameters of the UE facilities, which are necessary to mitigate the UHI effect. Those are building density and urban surface albedo for neighborhood cluster (NH), and distance from the city center, aspect ratio, ground surface albedo, and street orientation for street canyon (SC), as well as building height, material albedo, and building orientation for the building structure (BU). The developed guidelines can form the basis for microclimate design in a temperate climate. The data obtained from the statistical analysis will be used to create the blue-green infrastructure (BGI) dynamic modeling algorithm, which is the main focus of the future series of articles.

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Section: Discussion and Urban Design Strategy Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussion and Urban Design Strategy Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Future of Climate-Resilient and Climate-Neutral City in the Temperate Climate Zone

Antoszewski

Krzyżaniak

Świerk

2022

IJERPH

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“…For the near-wall zone, the surface effect commonly induces a large velocity gradient near the building wall, which may further affect the local pollutant concentration. Previous studies calculated the data in the zone from the wall to a certain distance away [ 28 , 29 ] as the micro-scale ambient conditions for buildings. The near-wall zone in this study was determined as from the building facades to 1.0 m away ( Figure 3 a), where the concentrations more directly affect the outdoor pollutant concentration entering the indoor spaces [ 30 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ventilation and Pollutant Concentration for the Pedestrian Zone, the Near-Wall Zone, and the Canopy Layer at Urban Intersections

Zhang

Gao

Guo

et al. 2021

IJERPH

Self Cite

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To gain further insight into the ventilation at urban street intersections, this study conducted 3D simulations of the ventilation at right- and oblique-angled intersections under eight wind directions by using the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) κ-ε turbulence model. The divergent responses of ventilation and pollution concentration for the pedestrian zone (ped), the near-wall zone (nwz), and the canopy layer to the change in intersection typology and wind direction were investigated. The flow characteristics of the intersections, taken as the air flow hub, were explored by employing indices such as the minimum flow ratio (β) between horizontal openings. The results show that oblique wind directions lead to a lower total volumetric flow rate (Qtotal) but a higher β value for right-angled intersections. For T-shaped intersections, a larger cross-sectional area for the outflow helps to increase Qtotal. Oblique-angled intersections, for example, the X-shaped intersection, experience a more significant difference in Qtotal but a steady value of β when the wind direction changes. The vertical air-exchange rate for the intersection was particularly significant when the wind directions were parallel to the street orientation or when there was no opening in the inflow direction. The spatially averaged normalized pollutant concentration and age of air (τ*¯) for the pedestrian zone and the canopy layer showed similar changing trends for most of the cases, while in some cases, only the τped*¯ or τnwz*¯ changed obviously. These findings reveal the impact mechanism of intersection configuration on urban local ventilation and pollutant diffusion.

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“…On the other hand, urban space is not completely homogeneous. The heterogeneity of different cities in geographical characteristics, economic development and technological innovation (Peng et al, 2021) makes the impact of urban spatial form on the scale and structure of energy consumption significantly different among different cities (Yu, 2021;Zhang and Gao, 2021). Therefore, this paper proposes the second and third theoretical hypothesis.…”

Section: Literature Review and Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 96%

The Effect of Urban Spatial Form on Energy Efficiency: A Cross-Sectional Study in China

Chen¹,

Kong²,

Wang³

et al. 2021

Front. Energy Res.

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Rational planning and optimization of urban spatial form to achieve the goal of energy efficient utilization and carbon emission reduction is one of the important ways to improve energy efficiency. We deconstruct urban spatial form into centrality, aggregation and complexity, and analyze net effect and its heterogeneity of urban spatial form on energy efficiency with OLS, quantile regression model as well as grouped regression model. The results show that the effects of urban spatial centrality and complexity on energy efficiency are nonlinear. For the vast majority of cities, strengthening urban spatial centrality will significantly improve energy efficiency, but the growth rate will gradually decrease. The impact effect of urban complexity on energy efficiency has the characteristics of U-shaped trend with an inflection point value of 0.429. And for the three-quarters of urban samples, enhancing urban spatial complexity will reduce energy efficiency. The positive effect of urban spatial aggregation on energy efficiency is only significant in cities with high quantile for energy efficiency. In terms of urban heterogeneity, the positive effects of spatial centrality and aggregation on energy efficiency are more obvious in megacities with a permanent population of more than 5 million, and the negative effect of spatial complexity on energy efficiency is more obvious in small and medium-sized cities. Whether it is promotion or inhibition, the urban samples with high energy efficiency are more affected by the change of urban spatial form. Optimizing the urban spatial form is one of the important ways to improve the energy efficiency, and the policy setting should give full consideration to the urban heterogeneity and classified policies.

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Effect of urban form on microclimate and energy loads: Case study of generic residential district prototypes in Nanjing, China

Cited by 61 publications

References 43 publications

The Future of Climate-Resilient and Climate-Neutral City in the Temperate Climate Zone

The Future of Climate-Resilient and Climate-Neutral City in the Temperate Climate Zone

Ventilation and Pollutant Concentration for the Pedestrian Zone, the Near-Wall Zone, and the Canopy Layer at Urban Intersections

The Effect of Urban Spatial Form on Energy Efficiency: A Cross-Sectional Study in China

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