Effect of using conventional and controlled release fertiliser on nutrient runoff from various vegetated roof systems

Emilsson, Tobias; Berndtsson, Justyna Czemiel; Mattsson, Jan; Rolf, Kaj

doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2006.01.001

Cited by 172 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In the first part of its expected lifetime, the green roof operates as a source of nutrients, especially phosphorous, due to the presence of fertilizers in the soil, while it behaves as a sink for metals, with significant reduction with respect to the initial mass at the annual scale [27]. Experimental programmes, conducted on an intensive green roof in Japan and on an extensive green roof in Sweden, show that: both extensive and intensive vegetated roofs are a sink of nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 -N) and ammonium nitrogen (NH 4 -N) with similar performance; the intensive vegetated roof is also a sink of Tot-N; while release of phosphorus (most in terms of PO 4 -P) is observed from both rooftops [28].…”

Section: Storm Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrologic Restoration in the Urban Environment Using Green Roofs

Palla

Gnecco

Lanza

2010

Water

104

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Loss of natural soil and vegetation within the urban environment can significantly affect the hydrologic cycle by increasing storm water runoff rates and volumes. In order to mitigate these modifications in urban areas engineered systems are developed, such as green roofs, to mimic and replace functions (evapo-transpiration, infiltration, percolation) which have been altered due to the impact of human development. Green roofs, also known as vegetated roof covers, eco-roofs or nature roofs, are composite complex layered structures with specific environmental benefits. They are increasingly being used as a source control measure for urban storm water management. Indeed, they are able to re-establish the natural water cycle processes and to operate hydrologic control over storm water runoff with a derived peak flow attenuation, runoff volume reduction and increase of the time of concentration. Furthermore green roofs exhibit the capacity to reduce storm water pollution; they generally act as a storage device, consequently pollutants are accumulated in the substrate layer and released when intensive rainwater washes them out. In order to investigate the hydrologic response of a green roof, the University of Genova recently developed a joint laboratory and full-scale monitoring programme by installing a "controlled" laboratory test-bed with known rainfall input and a companion green roof experimental site (40 cm depth) in the town of Genoa. In the paper, data collected during the monitoring programme are presented and compared with literature data.

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Section: Storm Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrologic Restoration in the Urban Environment Using Green Roofs

Palla

Gnecco

Lanza

2010

Water

104

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“…This decreased to 10 % at the end of three years. In the same experiment, it was noted that it flowered profusely in the first 18 months, increasing its aesthetic value in the short term (Emilsson, 2007).…”

Section: Sedum Acrementioning

confidence: 90%

“…A study in Sweden that examined the vegetative development of extensive green roofs planted with plugs, cuttings, and vegetation mats showed that there was no discernable difference in plant cover after three years (Emilsson, 2007). However, this study considered only time and disregarded cost; furthermore, vegetation mats provide the most coverage during the establishment phase.…”

Section: Vegetation Matsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A Swedish study, which did not use CRF, showed moss coverage of 20 % at the first recording, which increased to over 80 % at the experiment"s conclusion. A different study, which used fertilizer at the FLL"s recommended rate of 5 g N/year/m 2 showed moss coverage of only 30-40 %, which was probably due in part to the use of fertilizer (Emilsson, 2007).…”

Section: Fertilizing Extensive Green Roofsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences completed a six-week experiment that examined the effect of conventional and controlled release fertilizers and their effect on nutrient run off, while another experiment that examined vegetation development on extensive green roofs took over three years to finish (Emilsson et al, 2007;Emilsson, 2008 Durhman et al (2007), uses similar plant taxa, growing media and evaluation methods to those used in our study. This provided an informative indication of the anticipated duration of this study.…”

Section: Duration Of Green Roof Research Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparative Study of Three Growing Media and Four Plant Groups Under Extensive Green Roof Conditions in San Luis Obispo, CA

Nelson¹

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A Comparative Study of Three Growing Media and Four Plant Groups Under Extensive GreenRoof Conditions in San Luis Obispo, California Todd A. NelsonGreen roof growing media and plant species are critical factors when deciding on the best materials for a project. Growing media must be chosen in accordance with load bearing capacities of structures and water requirements of the plant material. Plant species must be able to thrive in the climate of the green roof and withstand a green roof"s harsh environment. The objectives of this research were: (1) to determine which of three extensive green roof growing media support the most growth of Sedum, a proven extensive green roof plant genus; and (2) to determine which of four plant groups provides the most media coverage under extensive green roof conditions. Sedum growing in a granular growing media blend with higher organic matter and larger particles provided more coverage than Sedum growing in a medium with smaller particles with lower organic matter and an experimental foam medium. Sedges covered the soil faster than Sedum, grasses, and Mediterranean species. These results will help green roof designers and landscape architects anticipate the plant growth rates during the first 36 weeks of new projects and choose more effective growing media blends. They can also observe the growth patterns of the plant groups to choose plant material that will achieve the functional objectives of a green roof more efficiently. These results are applicable to green roofs designed for moderate California coastal climates and regions with similar weather conditions.v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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Multifunctionality is affected by interactions between green roof plant species, substrate depth, and substrate type

Dusza

Barot

Kraepiel

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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SummaryGreen roofs provide ecosystem services through evapotranspiration and nutrient cycling that depend, among others, on plant species, substrate type, and substrate depth. However, no study has assessed thoroughly how interactions between these factors alter ecosystem functions and multifunctionality of green roofs. We simulated some green roof conditions in a pot experiment. We planted 20 plant species from 10 genera and five families (Asteraceae, Caryophyllaceae, Crassulaceae, Fabaceae, and Poaceae) on two substrate types (natural vs. artificial) and two substrate depths (10 cm vs. 30 cm). As indicators of major ecosystem functions, we measured aboveground and belowground biomasses, foliar nitrogen and carbon content, foliar transpiration, substrate water retention, and dissolved organic carbon and nitrates in leachates. Interactions between substrate type and depth strongly affected ecosystem functions. Biomass production was increased in the artificial substrate and deeper substrates, as was water retention in most cases. In contrast, dissolved organic carbon leaching was higher in the artificial substrates. Except for the Fabaceae species, nitrate leaching was reduced in deep, natural soils. The highest transpiration rates were associated with natural soils. All functions were modulated by plant families or species. Plant effects differed according to the observed function and the type and depth of the substrate. Fabaceae species grown on natural soils had the most noticeable patterns, allowing high biomass production and high water retention but also high nitrate leaching from deep pots. No single combination of factors enhanced simultaneously all studied ecosystem functions, highlighting that soil–plant interactions induce trade‐offs between ecosystem functions. Substrate type and depth interactions are major drivers for green roof multifunctionality.

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Effect of using conventional and controlled release fertiliser on nutrient runoff from various vegetated roof systems

Cited by 172 publications

References 16 publications

Hydrologic Restoration in the Urban Environment Using Green Roofs

Hydrologic Restoration in the Urban Environment Using Green Roofs

A Comparative Study of Three Growing Media and Four Plant Groups Under Extensive Green Roof Conditions in San Luis Obispo, CA

Multifunctionality is affected by interactions between green roof plant species, substrate depth, and substrate type

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