Effect of V and Sn on microstructure and mechanical properties of gray cast iron

Li, Yili; Chen, Ruirun; Wang, Qi; Cao, Wenchao; Wang, Xin-xiu; Xia, Yuan; Zhou, Guo-ping; Qu, Ying-dong; Li, Guang-long

doi:10.1007/s41230-022-2001-6

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Adding various alloying elements can improve the mechanical properties of gray cast iron while satisfying the requirements of harsh working conditions [16][17][18][19]. For instance, Zhou et al [20] found that adding copper helps obtain austenite and bainite microstructures through a three-step heat treatment process, improving the material's yield and tensile strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Heat Treatment on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Low-Alloy Cylinder Liner

Zhang,

Gao,

Liu

et al. 2024

Materials

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Cylinder liners, considered a crucial component of internal combustion (IC) engines, often require excellent mechanical properties to ensure optimal engine performance under elevated temperatures, pressures, and varying loads. In this work, a new low-alloy cylinder liner, incorporating a low content of molybdenum, copper, and chromium into gray cast iron, was fabricated using a centrifugal casting process. Subsequently, the heat treatment processes were designed to achieve bainite microstructures in the cylinder liner through rapid air cooling, isothermal transformation, and tempering. The effects of different air-cooling rates and tempering temperatures on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of cylinder liner were investigated. The results revealed that during the supercooled austenite transformation process, rapid air cooling at a rate of 14.5–23.3 °C/s can effectively bypass the formation of pearlitic structures and directly induce the formation of bainite structures. Once the temperature exceeded 480–520 °C, hardness and tensile strength increased with the temperature increase owing to the enhancement of the lower bainite content, the reduction of residual austenite, and the precipitation of the fine hard carbides in the matrix. With temperatures above 520–550 °C, the carbide and lower bainite organization coarsened, thereby reducing the hardness and tensile strength of the material. Therefore, the optimal heat treatment parameters were rapid cooling at 14.5–23.3 °C/s rate to obtain bainite, and tempering of 480–520 °C for finer and more uniform bainite. In addition, the results of the characterization of the mechanical properties of the cylinder liner after heat treatment showed that the hardness, tensile strength, and wear resistance were improved with the refinement of the bainite.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Heat Treatment on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Low-Alloy Cylinder Liner

Zhang,

Gao,

Liu

et al. 2024

Materials

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“…The best way to increase the tensile strength of grey cast irons is to add alloying elements to change their microstructure [27][28][29]. Common alloying elements in these grey cast irons are molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb), vanadium (V), copper (Cu), tin (Sn), chromium (Cr) and so on [27,[30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Grey Cast Irons Reinforced with Carbon Titanium Nitride (TiNC)

Yakut

2023

Lubricants

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In this study, grey cast iron (GG25) was produced via reinforcement with carbon titanium nitride (TiNC) in different amounts (0%, 0.153%, 0.204% and 0.255%). Samples were made from this material according to the standards for hardness, compression and wear, and then experiments were conducted. The test conditions applied for the TiNC-reinforced samples were similarly applied to unreinforced samples. The TiNC-reinforced and unreinforced samples were compared regarding their compression, hardness, and wear properties. The results of the hardness tests showed the highest average hardness value of 215 HB for sample A (0% TiNC). For TiNC-reinforced specimens, the hardness values of the reinforced specimens increased with increasing reinforcement. Sample B (0.153% TiNC) had an average hardness value of 193 HB. For sample C (0.204% TiNC), an average hardness value of 200 HB was measured. For sample D (0.255% TiNC), an average hardness value of 204 HB was determined. Sample A’s highest compression strength value was 780 MPA (0% TiNC). Similar to the hardness test values, the compression strength of the reinforced samples increased with the increasing reinforcement rate. The compression test value was found to be 747 MPa for sample B (0.153% TiNC), 765 MPa for sample C (0.204% TiNC) and 778 MPa for sample D (0.255% TiNC). Wear tests were performed on all samples to examine changes in the wear volume loss, wear rate and friction coefficients. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the wear mechanisms on the worn surfaces of the samples. When examining the wear condition of the samples with the same hardness value as a function of increasing load values, increases in the wear volume loss values were observed as the load value increased.

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Effect of increased mechanical strength on the machinability of graphite cast irons in face milling

Reis

Silva

et al. 2023

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Due to the low cost and high vibration damping capacity, gray cast irons are commonly used in machine tool bases, in addition to applications with noise restrictions, such as engine blocks, housings, and brakes. The matrix's graphite, sul des, and ferrite/pearlite ratio are some of the most important parameters governing the machinability of the gray cast irons. This work aims to evaluate the machinability of high-resistance gray cast irons of the FC 300 grade, in two versions, with the addition of molybdenum (FC 300 (Mo) ) and with re ned graphite and addition of molybdenum (FC 300 (Mo+RG) ), for use in cylinder heads and engines blocks, compared to materials that have been used for this purpose, gray cast iron FC 250 and the compacted graphite cast iron FV450. The face milling process was chosen for the tests, as it is widely used in manufacturing cylinder heads and engine blocks. Uncoated cemented carbide tools with tangential rhomboid geometry were used in the experiments. Analysis of tool life and wear mechanisms and machined surfaces' quality (Ra roughness parameter) where the output variables are considered. The materials were characterized according to the cementite interlayer spacing and microhardness of the perlite matrix, the number of eutectic cells, and the distribution of manganese sul de inclusions, with those characterizations being correlated with the machinability results. The cutting speed and feed were varied, and the dry condition was used. Among the gray cast irons investigated, the FC 300 (Mo+RG) presented worse machinability rates because of its greater mechanical resistance and hardness. Regarding the surface nish, at the beginning of the tool life tests (without considering tool wear) and employing the highest cutting speed, the FC 300 (Mo+RG) showed the best results, but at the lowest cutting speed, the worst.

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Effect of V and Sn on microstructure and mechanical properties of gray cast iron

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Effects of Heat Treatment on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Low-Alloy Cylinder Liner

Effects of Heat Treatment on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a Low-Alloy Cylinder Liner

Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Grey Cast Irons Reinforced with Carbon Titanium Nitride (TiNC)

Effect of increased mechanical strength on the machinability of graphite cast irons in face milling

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