Effect of vaginal and cervical deposition of semen on the fertility of sheep inseminated with frozen‐thawed semen

Paulenz, H; Söderquist, L.; Ådnøy, Tormod; Nordstoga, AB; Berg, K. Andersen

doi:10.1136/vr.156.12.372

Cited by 35 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The best insemination method is a simple, practical method, such as vaginal insemination (shot in dark). Olesen [29] and Paulenz et al [16,17] inseminated frozen ram semen into either the cervical orifice or deep vagina and obtained high fertility results (58 and 72% lambing rates). However, satisfactory fertility with frozen-thawed ram semen deposited into the cervical orifice or vagina has not been reported in other countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fertility after Artificial Insemination Using a Soybean-Based Semen Extender in Sheep

et al. 2008

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Abstract. The present study aimed to compare the fertility of ewes intrauterinally inseminated with frozen-thawed semen using a soybean-based semen extender (AndroMed) with those of ewes intrauterinally inseminated with frozenthawed semen using a Tris-based extender containing either egg yolk or BSA. Suffolk ewes (n=104) were treated with an intravaginal sponge containing 40 mg fluoroprogesterone acetate (FGA) for 12 days and an intramuscular injection of 500 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin to induce estrus and ovulation during the non-breeding season (July, 2007). Intrauterine insemination was carried out 40-46 h after removal of the FGA sponge (n=90), regardless of the incidence of estrus. The pregnancy rates were not significantly different among the semen extenders containing egg yolk (64.5%) or BSA (58.6%) and AndroMed extender (56.7%). The lambing rates (64.5, 55.2 and 56.7% for the semen extenders containing egg yolk, BSA and AndroMed, respectively) and prolificacy (1.59 to 1.75) were also not significantly different. The present results indicate that an egg yolk-containing semen extender can be replaced with the non-animal derived extender AndroMed, which could be used for intrauterine insemination using frozen-thawed ram semen without reducing fertility. Key words: Artificial insemination, Fertility, Semen extender, Sheep (J. Reprod. Dev. 54: [286][287][288][289] 2008) gg yolk-based semen extenders have been widely utilized for cryopreservation of semen from farm animals including sheep [1][2][3]. However, it is not always easy to prepare semen extenders consistent with quality standards because of the individual quality differences inherent in egg yolk due to the numbers of days after laying and the storage period. Also, addition of egg yolk reduces the acrosome integrity of goat spermatozoa [4], and high egg yolk concentrations reduce the post-thawing viability of ejaculated spermatozoa in several species, such as goats [5], rams [1] and water buffaloes [6]. Furthermore, there has been movement recently to eliminate all animal ingredients, including egg yolk, milk or bovine serum albumin (BSA), in order to design a defined semen extender. Removal of chicken egg yolk from semen extenders would provide several advantages, such as improved consistency in the components of semen extenders and elimination of hygienic risks. Therefore, development of a synthetic semen extender free of animal sources has been desired. A soybean lecithin-based extender (AndroMed; Minitub, Tiefenbach, Germany) has been developed and utilized for bovine [7][8][9] and mountain gazelle semen [10]. Fresh and frozen ram semen diluted with a synthetic semen extender, AndroMed, has been inseminated with satisfactory fertility results in Norway (Paulenz H.: personal communication).Low fertility (20-30%) in ewes inseminated with frozen semen into the cervical orifice, an ordinal deposition site for artificial insemination (AI) in sheep, has not been applied fully on the field, except for intrauterine AI using laparoscopy (60-80% in...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Norway, Paulenz et al [16,17] inseminated frozen ram semen into either the cervical orifice or deep vagina and obtained a lambing rate of 70%. However, satisfactory fertility with frozen-thawed ram semen deposited into the cervical orifice or vagina has not been reported in other countries.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fertility after Artificial Insemination Using a Soybean-Based Semen Extender in Sheep

et al. 2008

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“…In those studies, we used fixed-time intrauterine AI with frozen-thawed semen containing egg yolk in ewes treated with different progestogens, including CIDRs, during the non-breeding and breeding seasons [15][16][17][18][19][20]. Conventional cervical insemination with frozen semen has not been fully accepted by the sheep industry due to low fertility (10-30%), although some studies in Norway have shown higher fertility (a lambing rate of over 70%) [21,22]. Taking the present results into consideration, the effect of addition of BSA to frozen semen extender on fertility after cervical insemination should be examined in the future trials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertility of Ewes Inseminated Intrauterinally with Frozen Semen Using Extender Containing Bovine Serum Albumin

et al. 2007

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Abstract. The present study was conducted to examine the fertility of ewes inseminated intrauterinally with frozen semen using semen extender containing either egg yolk or bovine serum albumin (BSA). Sixty Suffolk and cross-bred ewes were treated with controlled internal drug release (CIDR) devices during the non-breeding season (July 2006). A CIDR was inserted into the vagina for 12 days and an intramuscular injection of 500 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin was administered one day before its removal. Ejaculates from a suffolk ram were diluted with a Tris-based extender containing either 15% (v/v) egg yolk or 10% (w/v) BSA, and the diluted semen was frozen in 0.25 ml straws. A fixed-time intrauterine artificial insemination (AI) was performed 43-47 h after CIDR removal, regardless of incidence of estrus. There was no significant difference in pregnancy rates at 60 days after AI between the extenders containing egg yolk (66.7%, 20/30 animals) or BSA (65.5%, 19/29 animals). Furthermore, there were no significant difference in the lambing rates (66.7% and 62.1%) and prolificacy (1.25 and 1.56) between the two semen extenders. The present study indicates that a semi-defined semen extender containing 10% BSA produces fertility after intrauterine AI that is similar to that achieved with semen extender containing egg yolk. o s t s e m e n e x t e n d e r s f o r f r e e z i n g o f spermatozoa, including ram semen contain egg yolk, milk, or a combination of the two as a basic ingredient. Although egg yolk is beneficial for sperm cryopreservation because it protects a g a i n s t c o l d s h o c k [ 1 ] , t h e r e a r e s e v e r a l disadvantages of addition of egg yolk to semen extender. Preparation of uniform semen extenders containing egg yolk is difficult because individual egg yolk quality may vary depending on the number of days after laying and the storage period. Furthermore, addition of egg yolk reduces the acrosome integrity of goat spermatozoa [2], and high egg yolk concentrations reduce the postthawing viability of ejaculated spermatozoa in several species, such as goats [3], rams [4] and water buffaloes [5]. Finally, development of a chemically defined semen extender would be required in order to eliminate possible infectious origins from egg yolk added to the semen extender. Several investigations have been conducted for development of semen extenders that do not contain egg yolk, such as a defined extender containing soybean lecithin for bovine and wild gazelle semen [6][7][8][9][10], and bovine serum albumin (BSA) has also been used as a substitute of egg yolk for rainbow trout and turkey spermatozoa [11,12].

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“…A recent study in nulliparous dairy heifers emphasized that most variations in conception rates was attributable to oestrus detection, pelvic size and breeding season (Donovan et al, 2003). The farm, the inseminator and semen deposition site also contributed to variations of fertility in ruminants (Ron et al, 1984;Donovan et al, 2004;Verberckmoes et al, 2004;Paulenz et al, 2005). In goats, a recent report by Salvador et al (2005) clearly indicated that the depth of semen deposition is a determining factor for pregnancy rates, with higher fertility achieved when the insemination gun reached the uterus, as observed in the past by Ritar and Salamon (1983).…”

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confidence: 99%

Short-duration insemination with frozen semen increases fertility rate in nulliparous dairy goats

Houdeau¹,

Furstoss²,

Forgerit³

et al. 2008

Animal

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Standard artificial insemination (AI) using a speculum in dairy goats does not result in acceptable fertility rates in nulliparous does. An explanation might be the difficulties to pass the cervical canal in nulliparous females with the insemination gun, increasing the time needed for semen deposition. Nulliparous Alpine dairy goats were used to evaluate whether time interval from insertion to withdrawal of the speculum is a factor influencing pregnancy rates to first AI with frozenthawed semen. Oestrus was synchronized using fluorogestone acetate intravaginal sponges (FGA, 40 mg) for 11 days, associated with 50 mg i.m. of cloprostenol and 250 IU i.m. eCG 48 6 2 h before sponge removal. In the first experiment (n 5 52; 3 herds), the average duration of the AI procedure was 42 6 10 s, with a median of 39 s. AI performed in less than 39 s resulted in higher pregnancy rates (75%, n 5 28) than AI lasting for more than 39 s (46%, n 5 24). In the second experiment, does (n 5 325; 5 herds) were randomly assigned into two treatment groups according to a short (20 s) or long (60 s) AI procedure. We showed that the duration of AI affected fertility after a first insemination, and that pregnancy rate was significantly improved using a shortduration AI (61.2%; n 5 169) compared with a long-duration AI (44.2%; n 5 156). We have previously shown in the ewe that genital stimulation during AI enhanced uterine motility. Other authors reported a negative correlation between increased uterine motility at the time of AI and fertility rates in small ruminants. The results of this study suggest that rapid semen deposition may limit the reflex activation of uterine contractions provoked by the speculum and the movement of the insemination gun, and thus ameliorates reproductive performance to first AI in nulliparous goats.Keywords: goat, nulliparous, artificial insemination, fertility, uterus IntroductionArtificial insemination (AI) in dairy goats is less commonly used than in other domestic animals. Nevertheless, the number of does inseminated has progressively increased during the last two decades, encouraged by sanitary reasons and by the introduction of genetic selection in breeding programmes (Ponsart et al., 2004;Verberckmoes et al., 2004). Both multiparous and nulliparous goats are used in AI programmes but fertility in nulliparous does is currently limited, being irregular and low compared with multiparous females (Leboeuf et al., 1998), often leading breeders to prefer natural mating for first conceptions. A recent study in nulliparous dairy heifers emphasized that most variations in conception rates was attributable to oestrus detection, pelvic size and breeding season (Donovan et al., 2003). The farm, the inseminator and semen deposition site also contributed to variations of fertility in ruminants (Ron et al., 1984;Donovan et al., 2004;Verberckmoes et al., 2004;Paulenz et al., 2005). In goats, a recent report by Salvador et al. (2005) clearly indicated that the depth of semen deposition is a determining factor for pregnancy...

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Effect of vaginal and cervical deposition of semen on the fertility of sheep inseminated with frozen‐thawed semen

Cited by 35 publications

References 9 publications

Fertility after Artificial Insemination Using a Soybean-Based Semen Extender in Sheep

Fertility after Artificial Insemination Using a Soybean-Based Semen Extender in Sheep

Fertility of Ewes Inseminated Intrauterinally with Frozen Semen Using Extender Containing Bovine Serum Albumin

Short-duration insemination with frozen semen increases fertility rate in nulliparous dairy goats

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