Effect of Variations of Amine Content and Network Branching on Thermomechanical Properties of Epoxy Systems

Abstract

In thermosetting epoxies, thermomechanical properties can be enhanced by conscious selection of curing agents. Full cross-linking leads to a maximum in the glass-transition temperature. However, the relation between the glass transition temperature and the epoxy matrix depends on several factors beyond the cross-linking degree, such as the molecular weight of the polymers, network organization, amount of branching, and the presence of hydrogen bonds. In this study, we investigated adding non-stoichiometric ratios of the epoxy resin Epikote 828 and the curing agent Jeffamine D230. The investigations were done through a combination of molecular dynamics simulations and experiments, primarily differential scanning calorimetry and nanoindentation. Reorganization of the network to fewer clusters with a higher degree of linearity overcomes the effect of crosslinking and leads to a reduction of glass-transition temperature with increasing concentrations of curing agent to epoxy. The elastic, shear, and compressive moduli remained constant. Hence, moderating the curing agent con-tent has the potential to improve thermal properties while maintaining mechanical properties for this epoxy system.