EFFECT OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON THE UTILIZATION OF NITROGEN AND IRON BY <i>SPIRODELA POLYRHIZA</i> (L.) SCHLEID.

Bitcover, Ezra H.; Sieling, Dale H.

doi:10.1104/pp.26.2.290

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Ammonia is one of the major constituents of domestic wastewater and concentrations commonly range from 10 to 50 mg total ammonia N L −1 , but might be as high as 200 mg total ammonia N L −1 in domestic wastewater in arid and semiarid countries or industrial wastewater (Konig et al, 1987; Veenstra et al, 1995). Despite being the preferred N source for duckweed plants (Porath and Pollock, 1982), it may become one of the parameters inhibiting the growth of duckweed in wastewater (Bitcover and Sieling, 1951; Lüönd, 1983).…”

Section: Toxicity Of Total Ammonia To Duckweedmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Capacity of Duckweed to Treat Wastewater

Körner

Vermaat

Veenstra³

2003

J of Env Quality

108

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Duckweed species are promising macrophytes for use in sustainable wastewater treatment due to their rapid growth, ease of harvest, and feed potential as a protein source. This paper reviews growth rates of different duckweed species on wastewater and ammonia toxicity to duckweed and summarizes insights into the mechanism of organic matter and nutrient removal. Results were gained from laboratory experiments in small, shallow, duckweed-covered semicontinuous batch systems. Growth rates on different types of wastewater vary considerably among different species. Ammonia is toxic for duckweed in both the ionized and un-ionized forms. Duckweed, however, can be used to treat wastewater containing very high total ammonia concentrations as long as certain pH levels are not exceeded. The degradation of organic material is enhanced by duckweed through both additional oxygen supply and additional surface for bacterial growth. The duckweed mat with attached bacteria and algae is, independent of the loading rates, responsible for three-quarters of the total nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loss in very shallow systems. Based on our results we suggest that full-scale pilot plants with duckweed should be shallower than the range encountered in the literature. A harvesting schedule that allows doubling times of 2 to 3.5 d, maintenance of a full coverage, and plug flow conditions are recommended.

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Section: Toxicity Of Total Ammonia To Duckweedmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Capacity of Duckweed to Treat Wastewater

Körner

Vermaat

Veenstra³

2003

J of Env Quality

108

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“…When citrates are present in the nutrient solution, the ferric ions form the complex compound Fe(H citr)* (Lanford and Quinan 1948) which Bitcover and Sieling (1951) suggest to be the form in which iron is taken up by plants, while other authors (Pringsheim 1952) are of the opinion that only the free ions (of iron and manganese) are absorbed and replaced by others according to the laws of equilibrium. Consequently the fate of the complex compounds in the nutrition of plants seems still to require detailed investigations.…”

Section: Coininentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Pringsheim, Uspenski had found the culture conditions suitable for Volvox by analysing the water of the habitat, but had over-estimated the significance of the iron concentration. Bitcover and Sieling (1951) report that the favourable effect of organic substances on the availability of iron had been noticed as early as 1895, and that citrates and tartrates were used dn plant nutrient solutions as early as 1916. Nowadays a general physiological and ecological significance in the [538]…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Significance for Algae of Chelating Substances in the Nutrient Solutions

Waris

1953

Physiologia Plantarum

119

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“…& Frahm, 1940 ;Gorham, 1945 ;Bitcover & Sieling, In the eutrophic water fields around Lake Kasu-1951 ;Ikushima, 1962aIkushima, , 1962bIkushima, & 1963Wozakows-migaura, many free-floating small plants especially ka-Natkaniec, 1977) . However, one factor which S .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%