Effect of varying fermentation conditions with ensiling period and inoculum on photosynthetic pigments and phytol content in Italian ryegrass (<i>Lolium multiflorum</i> Lam.) silage

Lv, Renlong; Elsabagh, Mabrouk; Obitsu, Taketo; Sugino, Toshihisa; Kurokawa, Yoshika; Kawamura, Kensuke

doi:10.1111/asj.13309

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…And, the pheophytin, pheophorbide, chlorophyllide and phytol are also produced during the decomposition of chlorophyll. Previously, it has been found that during silage, about 75% and 25% of chlorophyll and β-carotene in IR were decomposed and the changes of lutein were slight, also, the phytol was preserved in an esterified form and not affected by silage quality (Lv et al, 2020).…”

Section: Effect Of Drying On Nutrients and Photosynthetic Pigments In Herbagementioning

confidence: 96%

“…Nitrogen (N) fertilizers can increase the content of crude protein (CP) and carotenoids (β-carotene) in forages (Kopsell et al, 2007;Lv et al, 2020). Because β-carotene is easily oxidized once plants are harvested, β-carotene content in stored forages is lower than that in fresh ones (Bruhn & Oliver, 1978;Kalač & McDonald, 1981;Park et al, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes of photosynthetic pigments and phytol content at different levels of nitrogen fertilizer in Italian ryegrass fresh herbage and hay

Elsabagh

Obitsu

et al. 2021

Grassland Science

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The content of photosynthetic pigments in herbage not only has a strong antioxidant function, but also can improve the health of animals and the quality of livestock products after being ingested by ruminants. Increasing the content of photosynthetic pigments can improve the feed value of herbage, which is of great significance in the process of animal feeding. The experiment aimed to investigate the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilizer levels on the contents of photosynthetic pigments and phytol in fresh Italian ryegrass (IR) herbages and their changes after drying under natural condition over two consecutive seasons. IR variety: Ace (for 2013-2014 season) and Inazuma (for 2015-2016 season) were planted in 3 blocks (4 × 6 m) from two separate fields (≥1 ha), three plots (2 × 2 m) were arranged in each block and three fertilization treatments, control: 0 kg N/ha, 60 N: 60 kg N/ha, and 120 N: 120 kg N/ha, were applied for each block. The results revealed that the crude protein, ether extract, photosynthetic pigments and phytol in IR (fresh herbage and hay) were increased with increasing N fertilizer levels. Photosynthetic pigments decreased obviously by hay preparation (chlorophylls: 40%-70%, phytol: 25%-47%, β-carotene: 72%-90%, lutein: 31%-69%). The decomposition of phytol and β-carotene was not affected by the growing year and N fertilizer levels. However, the decomposition of chlorophyll and lutein was affected by growing year, which was higher in 2014 than that in 2016. Also, the contents of total phytol and lutein of the fresh herbage and hay harvested in 2016 were higher (p < .05) than those harvested in 2014. In conclusion, higher N fertilizer levels could increase the photosynthetic pigments and phytol content in IR fresh herbage which contributes to improving the feed value. However, the content of photosynthetic pigments and phytol in IR hay decreased significantly. IR variety may also affect the nutrient content and their degree of decomposition during drying.

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Section: Effect Of Drying On Nutrients and Photosynthetic Pigments In Herbagementioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes of photosynthetic pigments and phytol content at different levels of nitrogen fertilizer in Italian ryegrass fresh herbage and hay

Elsabagh

Obitsu

et al. 2021

Grassland Science

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“…These include the β-carotene isomers, 13-cis and all-trans, in addition to 5 of the xanthophyll class, violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin and epilutein, each representing 4%, 11%, 14%, 3%, 49%, 10% and 9% of total carotenoid content, respectively [61]. [79,80]. The ensiling process reduced β-carotene in Virginia Fanpetals by 56% [81].…”

Section: Dietary Sources For Bovine Carotenoid Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotenoids in Milk and the Potential for Dairy Based Functional Foods

Stephenson

Ross

Stanton

2021

Foods

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Carotenoids are a family of over 1100 known natural pigments synthesized by plants, algae, fungi and bacteria. Dietary intake of carotenoids is necessary for mammals as they cannot be synthesized in the body. In cows, the nature of the diet consumed strongly influences the composition of milk produced and this includes carotenoid concentration and profile. Fresh forage is the richest source of carotenoids for cows. The main carotenoids identified in forages are lutein, β-carotene, zeaxanthin and epilutein. Manipulating cow feed via carotenoid supplementation increases the carotenoid content of bovine milk. In humans, carotenoids have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and provitamin A activity. Lutein is a major carotenoid in human milk and the brain tissue of adults and infants. Lutein and zeaxanthin are linked to improved eye health and cognitive function. Traditionally for humans, fruit and vegetables have been the main source of carotenoid intake. Functional foods present an opportunity to incorporate these naturally occurring compounds into milk products for added health benefits, widening the range of dietary sources of carotenoids. We offer an overview of the literature to date on carotenoid-fortified dairy products and infant formula. This review will describe and summarize the key mechanisms by which the carotenoid profile of bovine milk can be manipulated. We present findings on the origin and role of carotenoids in bovine and human milk, outline factors that impact the carotenoid content of milk, evaluate carotenoid-fortified milk products and discuss the associated challenges, such as bioaccessibility and stability.

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“…Moreover, the forage processing and modulation method also affects the pigment content; Lv et al (2021) reported that drying can obviously reduce the content of chlorophyll and phytol in the harvest grass. On the contrary, ensiling could preserve the phytol in temperate grasses Italian ryegrass well (Lv et al, 2017;Lv et al, 2020). Phytol is produced by chlorophyll degradation in acidic environments, and the acidity of silage may be the key factor of phytol conversion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics and correlations of chlorophyll and phytol content with silage bacterial of different growth heights Pennisetum sinese

Lv²,

Zhou³

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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The dynamics and correlations of chlorophyll and phytol content with silage bacterial of different growth heights Pennisetum sinese were investigated. The results demonstrated that the chlorophyll and phytol content of P. sinese before and after ensiled decreased with the increase of growth height. Ensiling significantly reduced pigment content but had no significant effect on phytol. In addition, P. sinese pigment yield before and after ensiled increased with growth heights increasing, and the yield at 150 or 180 cm was obviously higher. Moreover, the higher silage quality V-Score were at 150 or 180 cm growth heights. Furthermore, the silage microbial diversity were varied by growth heights, and some specific undesirable microorganisms (Acinetobacter, Cellvibrio, Sphingobacterium, etc.) were negatively correlated with pigment and phytol content. Therefore, with comprehensive consideration of pigment, phytol yield, and silage quality, the optimum harvest growth height of P. sinese was 150 cm. Furthermore, precise reduction of particular undesirable microorganisms maybe helps to preserve pigments and phytol.

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Effect of varying fermentation conditions with ensiling period and inoculum on photosynthetic pigments and phytol content in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silage

Abstract: Photosynthetic pigments in forage such as chlorophyll and carotenoids have vital roles in animal health and affect the quality of dairy products (

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Changes of photosynthetic pigments and phytol content at different levels of nitrogen fertilizer in Italian ryegrass fresh herbage and hay

Changes of photosynthetic pigments and phytol content at different levels of nitrogen fertilizer in Italian ryegrass fresh herbage and hay

Carotenoids in Milk and the Potential for Dairy Based Functional Foods

Dynamics and correlations of chlorophyll and phytol content with silage bacterial of different growth heights Pennisetum sinese

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