Effect of varying sediment and glucose concentrations on the pH and acid production in human salivary sediment mixtures

Kleinberg, I.

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(67)90182-3

Cited by 47 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…the rate is higher in concentrated than in diluted sus pensions [Muntz, 1943;Stephan and Hemmens, 1947;Hartles and Wasdell, 1955;Kleinberg, 1967;Singer and Kleinberg, 1970;Molan and Hartles, 1972]. This phe nomenon was found also in this study ( fig.…”

Section: E C T ------------------------------------------------------supporting

confidence: 69%

Automatic Titration Method for Determination of Acid Production from Sugars and Sugar Alcohols in Small Samples of Dental Plaque Material

Birkhed¹

1978

Caries Res

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A method for the determination of acid production in suspensions of 5–10 mg (wet weight) of human dental plaque is described. With this method it was possible to investigate the fermentability of up to 10–15 substances with plaque material from one subject. The amount of alkali required per unit of time to keep pH constant was followed by an automatic recording titration system. Sorbitol, maltitol and Lycasin® were fermented at a significantly slower rate than glucose, sucrose and invert sugar. No acid production was found from mannitol and xylitol. The acid production activity with fructose was on average 21% lower than that from glucose. However, this difference was not statistically well established (p < 0.05) in experiments with 5 subjects.

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Section: E C T ------------------------------------------------------supporting

confidence: 69%

Automatic Titration Method for Determination of Acid Production from Sugars and Sugar Alcohols in Small Samples of Dental Plaque Material

Birkhed¹

1978

Caries Res

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“…The effect of saliva in limiting the pH drop during glycolysis in the oral cavity was investigated using Kleinberg's [1967] salivary sediment system. All experiments were done in duplicate with a pooled SEM approximately ±2% of the mean, except for the peptide study (see below) which was a single experiment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting pH Rise of Suspended Salivary Sediment

Tavss¹,

Eigen²

1986

Caries Res

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The effect of some salivary constituents on pH rise was studied. A solution simulating salivary supernatant in buffer capacity and inorganic composition was used. Mixing this solution with glucose and salivary sediment resulted in a pH rise similar in magnitude and shape to that of the salivary supernatant control, demonstrating a significant contribution of buffer capacity to in vitro pH rise of salivary supernatant. Arginine peptides also showed pH rise activity, but only at concentrations not found in saliva. The salivary buffers are therefore the major contributors to pH rise in saliva. Additional studies demonstrated that the activity of arginine was diminished by attaching groups to the α-amino or guanidino functional group, but was not affected by esterification. Within the limits of the molecules tested, arginine peptides increased in activity with increasing number of arginyl groups, but were unaffected by varying the size of the peptide. Little difference was seen between a C- and N-terminal peptide.

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“…The biofilms he constructed consisted of pure cultures of oral bacteria encapsulated in agar gels formed around a glass pH electrode in a configuration that simulated dental plaque in situand enabled the pH of both its inner and outer surfaces to be measured at the same time. Thereafter, Kleinberg (1967a) showed that the Stephan pH curve could be simulated with salivary sediment suspensions. These various studies were collectively extremely important, because they demonstrated that this curve could be modeled with bacteria either in suspensions or in biofilms, with pure or mixed bacterial cultures, and either in vivo or in vitro .…”

Section: (V) Simulation Of the Stephan Ph Curve In Vitro With Single mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mixed-bacteria Ecological Approach to Understanding the Role of the Oral Bacteria in Dental Caries Causation: an Alternative to Streptococcus mutans and the Specific-plaque Hypothesis

Kleinberg

2002

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

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131

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T oward the end of the 19th century, the new science of bacteriology arose as a result of major advances in the formulation of growth media and the development of techniques for isolating and studying bacteria. Micro-organisms proved to be major causes of several diseases that were fatal to humans.Disease occurred when a specific micro-organism reached a target site where the tissues and conditions enabled the organism to flourish and reach the elevated numbers needed to cause significant damage to the host and even death. W.D. Miller (1890) learned these isolation techniques and applied them to the examination of the many micro-organisms resident within the oral cavity. At the same time, he found that, collec - C ONTROVERSYResearch on dental caries has a long history, and the biology of its development has proved to be far more complex than anyone might have thought. Specificity and non-specificity of the causative bacteria have been at the center of the controversy of how this disease occurs and how it should be treated. From this article, it appears that the composition, metabolism, and caries-causing capability of applicable bacterial mixtures are integrated, and that they are affected collectively by oral ecological conditions and changes. This is an area of Oral Biology that needs further exploration and could provide significant dividends in the development of our understanding of human ecological infections in general.- ABSTRACT: For more than 100 years, investigators have tried to identify the bacteria responsible for dental caries formation and to determine whether their role is one of specificity. Frequent association of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus mutans with caries activity gave credence to their being specific cariogens. However, dental caries occurrence in their absence, and the presence of other bacteria able to produce substantial amounts of acid from fermentable carbohydrate, provided arguments for non-specificity. In the 1940s, Stephan found that the mixed bacteria in dental plaque produced a rapid drop in pH following a sugar rinse and a slow pH return toward baseline. This response became a cornerstone of plaque and mixed-bacterial involvement in dental caries causation when Stephan showed that the pH decrease was inversely and clearly related to caries activity. Detailed examination of the pH (acidbase) metabolisms of oral pure cultures, dental plaque, and salivary sediment identified the main bacteria and metabolic processes responsible for the pH metabolism of dental plaque. It was discovered that this metabolism in different individuals, in plaque in different dentition locations within individuals, and in individuals of different levels of caries activity could be described in terms of a relatively small number of acid-base metabolic processes. This led to an overall bacterial metabolic vector concept for dental plaque, and helped unravel the bacterial involvement in the degradation of the carbohydrate and nitrogenous substrates that produce the acids and alkali that aff...

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Effect of varying sediment and glucose concentrations on the pH and acid production in human salivary sediment mixtures

Cited by 47 publications

References 19 publications

Automatic Titration Method for Determination of Acid Production from Sugars and Sugar Alcohols in Small Samples of Dental Plaque Material

Automatic Titration Method for Determination of Acid Production from Sugars and Sugar Alcohols in Small Samples of Dental Plaque Material

Factors Affecting pH Rise of Suspended Salivary Sediment

A Mixed-bacteria Ecological Approach to Understanding the Role of the Oral Bacteria in Dental Caries Causation: an Alternative to Streptococcus mutans and the Specific-plaque Hypothesis

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