Effect of Varying Storage Temperatures on the Microbiological Quality of Street Sold Water in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana

Addo, Matthew Glover; Woods, Catherine Ama; Andoh, L. A.; Obiri-Dans, K.

doi:10.3923/jm.2016.56.63

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In what concerns FIB inter-correlations, strong positive correlations were only found for total coliforms, either with fecal coliforms or with E. coli, like has been consistently reported [70] and explained by their actual relationships. The weak positive correlation between concentration of fecal coliforms and temperature is in line with the results of Addo et al (2016) [71], as this factor affects the growth rate of these microorganisms. The high/moderate negative correlation between coliform bacteria, both with pH and chlorine concentration, emphasize the importance of these two physical-chemical parameters in the control of these pathogens in water [62].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Monitoring Waterborne Pathogens in Surface and Drinking Waters. Are Water Treatment Plants (WTPs) Simultaneously Efficient in the Elimination of Enteric Viruses and Fecal Indicator Bacteria (FIB)?

Salvador

Caeiro

Serejo

et al. 2020

Water

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Monitoring the quality of water is a requisite to prevent outbreaks related to waterborne diseases, predominantly caused by pathogens like enteric viruses, usually transmitted via the fecal-oral route. This study aimed to survey a group of enteric viruses (Enterovirus, Norovirus genogroups I and II, and hepatitis A virus) in two surface water sources of drinking water, also intending to evaluate the extent of their elimination in the two water treatment plants (WTPs) involved in drinking water production. Correlations between these viruses and fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) were also evaluated. Positive samples for viral RNA were recurrently found by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and quantified, in genomic copies per liter (gc/L) of sampled water. Viral RNAs were detected in 14 out of 27 samples of surface water, and 21 out of 36 samples of drinking water, NoV II having been the most frequently detected in both (0–78.6 gc/L and 0–12.5 gc/L, respectively). Both WTPs showed variable efficacies in the elimination of viral RNA. Only one correlation was found with FIB, between NoV II and intestinal enterococci. These results recommend the monitoring of enteric viruses over time and their inclusion in the mandatory analysis of water quality.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Monitoring Waterborne Pathogens in Surface and Drinking Waters. Are Water Treatment Plants (WTPs) Simultaneously Efficient in the Elimination of Enteric Viruses and Fecal Indicator Bacteria (FIB)?

Salvador

Caeiro

Serejo

et al. 2020

Water

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“…In the samples stored indoor, there was a gradual increase in the bacteria count from day one (baseline) (4.1x10 3 cfu/100mL) through day twenty eight (3.7x10 5 cfu/100mL). This corresponds to the findings of [24,25]. However in the samples exposed to sunlight, a decline in the bacteria count from day one (4.1x10 3 cfu/100mL) through day three (2.2x10 3 cfu/100mL) to day seven (8.0x10…”

Section: Samplessupporting

confidence: 86%

Effect of Storage and Exposure to Sunlight on the Quality of Sachet Water Sold in Ibadan Metropolis

Chinenye¹

2017

SJPH

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Abstract:Inadequate pipe borne water supply has led to rapid proliferation of sachet water companies in Nigeria. Recently, another dimension added to public health concerns on water quality is the storage and handling of sachet water by distributors and vendors. This study assessed the effect of storage and exposure to sunlight on the quality of sachet water in Ibadan, Nigeria. An experimental design was adopted. Two hundred sachets of water from ten brands were collected upon production from various factories. Water samples were divided into two groups: storage indoor (room temperature) and storage with exposure to sunlight for four weeks. Physicochemical and bacteriological analyses were carried out on the sachet water samples at baseline and after three days and weeks one to four of storage. The data obtained were analysed using SPSS (20.0). The bacteria isolated were E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumonia and P.vulgaris. Total bacterial counts decreased in the order: 0 to 1.5x10 4 cfu/100 mL (day 3) > 0 to 9.5x 10 2 cfu/100 mL (day 7) upon exposure to sunlight, however, there was continuous increase of bacteria count from day seven. Bacteria counts of water stored indoor increased throughout the study period. E. coli was present in all water samples by day 21. There was a significant difference in nitrite concentration between the two storage conditions across study period. This study revealed that storage duration and exposure conditions affect the quality of sachet water for drinking. Quality improvement of sachet water through exposure to sunlight was most effective on third day of exposure, while the maximum time of effectiveness was one week, beyond which the quality deteriorates fast irrespective of the storage condition. Hence, prolonged water storage beyond one week before drinking is discouraged.

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“…All of these factors may disproportionately affect rural sachet water supplies given the longer supply chain. Two limited studies of storage temperature demonstrated the regrowth of some indicator organisms, 21 limited growth, or no regrowth of others, 22 demonstrating that there is still much to learn about environmental effects on sachet water quality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evolving Choice in a Diverse Water Market: A Quality Comparison of Sachet Water with Community and Household Water Sources in Ghana

Guzmán

Stoler

2018

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Packaged water, particularly bagged sachet water, has become an important drinking water source in West Africa as local governments struggle to provide safe drinking water supplies. In Ghana, sachet water has become an important primary water source in urban centers, and a growing literature has explored various dimensions of this industry, including product quality. There is very little data on sachet water quality outside of large urban centers, where smaller markets often mean less producer competition and less government regulation. This study analyzes the microbiological quality of sachet water alongside samples of other common water sources at point-of-collection (POC) and point-of-use (POU) in 42 rural, peri-urban, and small-town Ghanaian communities using the IDEXX Colilert 18 (Westbrook, ME). Levels of coliform bacteria and detected in sachet water samples were statistically and significantly lower than levels detected in all other water sources at POU, including public taps and standpipes, and statistically similar or significantly lower at POC. In diverse waterscapes where households regularly patch together their water supply from different sources, sachet water appears to be an evolving alternative for safe drinking water despite many caveats, including higher unit costs and limited opportunities to recycle the plastic packaging.

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Effect of Varying Storage Temperatures on the Microbiological Quality of Street Sold Water in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Monitoring Waterborne Pathogens in Surface and Drinking Waters. Are Water Treatment Plants (WTPs) Simultaneously Efficient in the Elimination of Enteric Viruses and Fecal Indicator Bacteria (FIB)?

Monitoring Waterborne Pathogens in Surface and Drinking Waters. Are Water Treatment Plants (WTPs) Simultaneously Efficient in the Elimination of Enteric Viruses and Fecal Indicator Bacteria (FIB)?

Effect of Storage and Exposure to Sunlight on the Quality of Sachet Water Sold in Ibadan Metropolis

An Evolving Choice in a Diverse Water Market: A Quality Comparison of Sachet Water with Community and Household Water Sources in Ghana

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