Effect of vegetarian dietary patterns on cardiometabolic risk factors in diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Viguiliouk, Effie; Kendall, Cyril W.C.; Kahleová, Hana; Rahelić, Dario; Salas‐Salvadó, Jordi; Choo, Vivian L.; Mejía, Sonia Blanco; Stewart, Sarah; Leiter, Lawrence A.; Jenkins, David; Sievenpiper, John L.

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2018.05.032

Cited by 152 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Mediterranean diets vary in the proportion of energy provided by macronutrients, but are typically rich in pulses, fruits, vegetables and nuts, with olive oil being a major contributor to fat intake. Other dietary approaches, including a healthy Nordic diet and vegetarian diets, may also be beneficial for individuals with diabetes . None of these dietary patterns is particularly low or high in carbohydrate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other dietary approaches, including a healthy Nordic diet and vegetarian diets, may also be beneficial for individuals with diabetes. 16,52,[54][55][56][57][58][59] None of these dietary patterns is particularly low or high in carbohydrate. The range of possible diets allows personal preference to play a key role, while permitting appreciable restriction of rapidly digested starches and sugars in those with insulin resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Carbohydrate quantity in the dietary management of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Korsmo-Haugen

Brurberg

Mann

et al. 2018

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

101

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate quantity in the dietary management of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Korsmo-Haugen

Brurberg

Mann

et al. 2018

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

101

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“…Moreover, and in contrast to the positive associations between health and vegetarianism Dinu et al 2017;Singh, Sabat e, and Fraser 2003;Viguiliouk et al 2019), recent results suggest that individuals who abstain from meat and/or other animal-based foods may suffer from nutritional deficiencies (e.g., vitamins B 12 and D, x-3 fatty acids, calcium, iron, and zinc; Craig 2010; Dwyer 1991) with concomitant poorer physical health (Appleby et al 2007;Burkert et al 2014b;Cofnas 2019;Iguacel et al 2019). Furthermore, there is an emerging body of evidence that meat-abstention is linked to mental disorders (Perica and Dela s 2011;Young and Conquer 2005) and poorer psychological well-being (Baines, Powers, and Brown 2007;Hibbeln et al 2018;Matta et al 2018;Michalak, Zhang, and Jacobi 2012;Nezlek, Forestell, and Newman 2018;Rosenfeld 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…However, in the past few decades, research on the health effects of meat-abstention has become increasingly contradictory. For example, despite the fact that animal products, such as red meat (e.g., beef or lamb), provide a wide range of essential nutrients and bioactive substances (Neumann et al 2003(Neumann et al , 2007Williams 2007), researchers reported potential health benefits associated with avoiding meat and that vegetarian diets may be used to prevent or treat disease (Kahleova, Levin, and Barnard 2018;Key et al 1999;Singh, Sabat e, and Fraser 2003;Tong et al 2019;Viguiliouk et al 2019). As a consequence, the 2016 Position Statement of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics stated, "appropriately planned vegetarian, including vegan, diets are healthful, nutritionally adequate, and may provide health benefits for the prevention and treatment of certain diseases" (Melina, Craig, andLevin 2016, 1970).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meat and mental health: a systematic review of meat abstention and depression, anxiety, and related phenomena

Dobersek

Adkins

et al. 2020

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

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Objective: To examine the relation between the consumption or avoidance of meat and psychological health and well-being. Methods: A systematic search of online databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, Medline, and Cochrane Library) was conducted for primary research examining psychological health in meatconsumers and meat-abstainers. Inclusion criteria were the provision of a clear distinction between meat-consumers and meat-abstainers, and data on factors related to psychological health. Studies examining meat consumption as a continuous or multi-level variable were excluded. Summary data were compiled, and qualitative analyses of methodologic rigor were conducted. The main outcome was the disparity in the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and related conditions in meat-consumers versus meat-abstainers. Secondary outcomes included mood and self-harm behaviors. Results: Eighteen studies met the inclusion/exclusion criteria; representing 160,257 participants (85,843 females and 73,232 males) with 149,559 meat-consumers and 8584 meat-abstainers (11 to 96 years) from multiple geographic regions. Analysis of methodologic rigor revealed that the studies ranged from low to severe risk of bias with high to very low confidence in results. Eleven of the 18 studies demonstrated that meat-abstention was associated with poorer psychological health, four studies were equivocal, and three showed that meat-abstainers had better outcomes. The most rigorous studies demonstrated that the prevalence or risk of depression and/or anxiety were significantly greater in participants who avoided meat consumption. Conclusion: Studies examining the relation between the consumption or avoidance of meat and psychological health varied substantially in methodologic rigor, validity of interpretation, and confidence in results. The majority of studies, and especially the higher quality studies, showed that those who avoided meat consumption had significantly higher rates or risk of depression, anxiety, and/or self-harm behaviors. There was mixed evidence for temporal relations, but study designs and a lack of rigor precluded inferences of causal relations. Our study does not support meat avoidance as a strategy to benefit psychological health.

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“…This imbalance plays a crucial role in the rising rates of type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension, dyslipidaemia, obesity, and coronary artery disease [17,18]. Conversely, PBDs (vegetarian type of PBD included) have been shown to decrease the risk for morbidity and mortality [19,20] due to chronic non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases [21,22], cancer [20], metabolic syndrome [23], type 2 diabetes [24][25][26][27], and obesity [28,29]. Furthermore, CVDs remain the leading cause of death globally [30], accounting for one-third of all deaths and an estimated 422 million prevalent cases in 2015 [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Intakes and Cardiovascular Health of Healthy Adults in Short-, Medium-, and Long-Term Whole-Food Plant-Based Lifestyle Program

Jakše

Jakše²,

Pinter

et al. 2019

Nutrients

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An effective lifestyle strategy to reduce cardiovascular diseases risk (CVD) factors is needed. We examined the effects of a whole-food plant-based (WFPB) lifestyle program on dietary intake and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in 151 adults (mean 39.6 (SD 12.5) years). Adherence was categorised into short-, medium- and long-term (years: (0.5–<2), (2–<5) and (5–10)), for both genders separately. Dietary intakes were assessed, fasting blood lipids and blood pressure (BP) were measured, and % participants reaching guideline recommended targets for LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and BP in the primary CVD prevention was assessed. There were no statistically significant differences in intakes of energy and most nutrients among participants (both genders), that were short-, medium- and long term in our program. Diet was mainly composed of unprocessed vegetables/fruits, whole grains, legumes, potatoes, and nuts/seeds. LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic and diastolic BP were within targets for: 93%, 97%, 88% and 95% participants, respectively. In females (vs. males), total- and HDL-cholesterol were higher (mean): 3.8 (SD 0.7) vs. 3.4 (SD 0.9), p = 0.002 and 1.5 (SD 0.3) vs. 1.1 (SD 0.2) mmol/L, p < 0.001), systolic BP was lower (113 (SD 11) vs. 120 (SD 10) mmHg, p = 0.001), while there was no difference in diastolic BP (71 (SD 9) vs. 72 (SD 8) mmHg, p = 0.143). More females vs. males reached target triglycerides (99% vs. 91%, p = 0.021) and systolic BP (92% vs. 79%, p = 0.046), while similar females and males reached target LDL-cholesterol (94% vs. 91%, p = 0.500) and diastolic BP (93% vs. 100%, p = 0.107). Participation in our WFPB lifestyle program is associated with favourable dietary intakes, safety markers, and CV risk factor profiles.

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Effect of vegetarian dietary patterns on cardiometabolic risk factors in diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Cited by 152 publications

References 73 publications

Carbohydrate quantity in the dietary management of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Carbohydrate quantity in the dietary management of type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Meat and mental health: a systematic review of meat abstention and depression, anxiety, and related phenomena

Dietary Intakes and Cardiovascular Health of Healthy Adults in Short-, Medium-, and Long-Term Whole-Food Plant-Based Lifestyle Program

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