Effect of viscoelastic thermal compression (VTC) treatment on density and moisture content of laminas from <i>Paraserianthes falcataria</i>

Albert, Charles Michael; Liew, Kang Chiang

doi:10.1080/2374068x.2020.1799574

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Unpenetrated adhesive would have been the main factor for the sudden peak attained between different layers, as shown in Figure 3. Prior studies on wettability properties of VTC modified Paraserianthes falcataria laminas suggested that highly viscous adhesive such as Polyvinyl Acetate (PVAc) might require a longer period to be diffused inside the laminas; due to the high viscosity value of the adhesive itself, as well as poor wettability properties of the densified laminas [5,7,8]. Furthermore, earlier study suggested that low-density zones have higher void area/open vessels, whilst high-density regions have collapsed vessels [5].…”

Section: Density Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermo-hydro mechanical (THM) treatment, which heavily relies on high-pressure steam injection, is a commonly utilized densification method in which wood is compressed in a closed chamber with high temperature saturated vapour [4]. VTC (viscoelastic-thermal compression) is a densification method that combines pre-steaming (softening) and hot-pressing to achieve densification without damaging the cellular structure of compressed wood [5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Janka hardness test, detailed in ASTM D IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1053/1/012032 2 143 standards, is another standard approach for analyzing the hardness of wood materials [9]. Paraserianthes falcataria, also known as Batai wood, was classified as a light hardwood species with an average density of 360 kg/m 3 [7]. Glue-laminated timber comprises several layers of laminas glued together in a similar parallel direction, with at minimum three layers [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation between hardness and density profile of glue-laminated timber manufactured from viscoelastic-thermal compression modified Paraserianthes falcataria laminas

Albert

Liew

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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A fast-growing tree species, Paraserianthes falcataria, possessed low value in density. Therefore, it was subjected to a densification treatment, i.e., viscoelastic-thermal compression (VTC), to enhance its density and mechanical performance. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between the density profile and hardness of VTC-modified glue-laminated timber. The laminas underwent VTC, whereby five different pre-steaming durations were applied, ranging from 0-30 minutes prior to forming into glue-laminated timber panels. The panels were cut into pre-determined test pieces and subjected to density determination using an X-ray densitometer and hardness test in the tangential direction using the ball indentation method. The correlation analysis found that increasing density slightly enhanced the hardness of the tangential surface of the glue-laminated timber test pieces, whereby the Pearson’s correlation values, r were .074 (0 minutes, non-densified), .154 (0 minutes, densified), -.027 (10 minutes, densified), .088 (20 minutes, densified), and .225 (30 minutes, densified). Nevertheless, the associations were found to be statistically insignificant because the p-values were greater than 0.05, thus suggesting densification treatment did not enhance hardness.

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Section: Density Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation between hardness and density profile of glue-laminated timber manufactured from viscoelastic-thermal compression modified Paraserianthes falcataria laminas

Albert

Liew

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…The decreasing supply of wood resources has become a growing concern in the last few decades, leading manufacturers to explore alternatives such as low-density wood [1]. However, this wood class has limitations, such as poor density and inadequate mechanical strength [2][3][4]. Therefore, low-density wood has been continuously subjected to treatments as researchers seek to enhance its performance and applicability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heat treatment and densification are promising technologies applied to wood to improve its properties [4,5]. Densification involves wood compression using high pressing temperatures, which enhances their density and mechanical performance [3]. This treatment modifies the cellular structure of wood, reducing void spaces and making it compact [2,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and Morphological Changes in Heat-Treated and Densified Fast-Growing Timber Material

Liew,

Albert,

Shamsuddin

2023

E3S Web Conf.

Self Cite

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Heat treatment is a modification method that can alter the polymeric components of wood (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin). Densification technology has emerged as one of the promising technologies capable of improving the properties of low-density wood. In this study, the effects of heat treatment and densification on moisture content, density, and morphological features of low-density Paraserianthes falcataria laminas were examined. Laminas were heat-treated (100°C, 120°C and 140°C for 1 hour) and compressed at 50% compression ratio. Non-heat-treated laminas, on the other hand, were compressed at 40-60% compression ratios. The changes in pores area, moisture content and density of the heat-treated and densified laminas were identified. The lowest moisture content for heat-treated laminas was at 120°C. Laminas with 60% compression ratio were observed to have the highest deformed pores, where it increased the density of the laminas. In summary, heat treatment and densification affected the properties of the laminas. Heat treatment at high temperatures resulted in decreased density and moisture content, while increasing the compression ratio during densification increased the density. The results suggest that combining heat treatment and densification could be a viable method for improving the properties of low-density wood.

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Effect of alkaline delignification process on the anatomical characteristics and some mechanical properties of tropical woods of different densities

Maturana

Arroyave

Hurtado

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Wood delignification is a straightforward process of great interest in the development of advanced materials and products for sustainable applications. This process can reduce the stiffness of the wood cell wall by using selective chemical reagents that remove lignin/hemicellulose and thus facilitate its modification in combination with other treatments. This study aimed to compare the efficiency and uniformity of the partial delignification process using the sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfite (NaOH/Na2SO3) mixed aqueous solution in the three hardwood species Brosimum utile (Sande), Carapa guianensis (Andiroba), and Dipteryx oleifera (Choiba). These are important tropical tree species, providing essential material for the wood industry. The effects and distribution of the solution were studied based on the variations exhibited by the center and ends of the delignified woods, using chemical composition analysis techniques, FT-IR spectra, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The process allows the partial chemical removal of lignin/hemicellulose in different non-uniform proportions between the center and the ends of the woods under study. The lignin/hemicellulose removal ratios varied widely between the different wood species. The density of delignified wood did not vary significantly after treatment. The modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of delignified wood decreased. The results suggested that denser tropical wood requires the adjustment of the process variables while the proposed method can treat less dense tropical woods. Partially delignified tropical hardwood can be used to develop advanced materials and products for diverse applications.

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Effect of viscoelastic thermal compression (VTC) treatment on density and moisture content of laminas from Paraserianthes falcataria

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Correlation between hardness and density profile of glue-laminated timber manufactured from viscoelastic-thermal compression modified Paraserianthes falcataria laminas

Correlation between hardness and density profile of glue-laminated timber manufactured from viscoelastic-thermal compression modified Paraserianthes falcataria laminas

Physical and Morphological Changes in Heat-Treated and Densified Fast-Growing Timber Material

Effect of alkaline delignification process on the anatomical characteristics and some mechanical properties of tropical woods of different densities

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