Effect of Vision Therapy on Accommodation in Myopic Chinese Children

Ming-Leung, Martin; Scheiman, Mitchell; Su, Cuiyun; Chen, Xiang

doi:10.1155/2016/1202469

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…asthenopia [8,[20][21][22] In this study, the NPA and NPC increased in the immersive mode. In the immersive mode, more image disparity can occur than in the non-immersive mode.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Influence of Virtual Reality on Visual Parameters: Immersive Versus Non-Immersive Mode

Yoon

Kim

Park

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: To investigate the differences in refraction, accommodative factors, visual parameters, and subjective symptoms after using two types of virtual reality (VR) content with different depths perception.Methods: Twenty-three volunteers, who played VR games in two modes (immersive and non-immersive) for 30 min, were enrolled. Visual parameters were examined before and after using VR. Accommodative factors were measured using static and dynamic methods. Subjective symptoms were assessed using a questionnaire. Differences according to VR content were compared, and correlations between each visual parameter were analyzed.Results: There were no changes in refraction or accommodative factors after use of the VR. However, there was a significant increase in the near point of accommodation (NPA), the near point of convergence (NPC), and subjective symptom scores after using the immersive mode. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between baseline values of near exophoria and mean accommodative lag of the dominant eye, and also revealed a negative correlation between NPA and mean accommodative lag in the non-dominant eye. Conclusions: The use of VR for 30 min increased NPA and NPC, especially after the immersive mode was used. In addition, higher exophoria and smaller NPA is associated with increased accommodative lag after using VR.

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“…asthenopia [8,[20][21][22] In this study, the NPA and NPC increased in the immersive mode. In the immersive mode, more image disparity can occur than in the non-immersive mode.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 47%

Influence of Virtual Reality on Visual Parameters: Immersive Versus Non-Immersive Mode

Yoon

Kim

Park

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…It has been shown that office-based accommodative/vergence therapy improves control of accommodation and it would be interesting to investigate whether these therapies have a direct effect on improving accommodation instability and vergence fixation instability in strabismic patients. 38 Note that, in the strabismic monkeys, fixation stability is not rooted only in the vergence system. The increased versional BCEA ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fixational Saccades and Their Relation to Fixation Instability in Strabismic Monkeys

Upadhyaya

Pullela

Ramachandran

et al. 2017

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PurposeTo evaluate the contribution of fixational saccades toward fixation instability in strabismic monkeys.MethodsBinocular eye movements were measured as six experimental monkeys (five strabismic monkeys and one monkey with downbeat nystagmus) and one normal monkey fixated targets of two shapes (Optotype, Disk) and two sizes (0.5°, 2°) during monocular and binocular viewing. Fixational saccades were detected using an unsupervised clustering algorithm.ResultsWhen compared with the normal monkey, amplitude and frequency of fixational saccades in both the viewing and nonviewing eye were greater in 3 of 5 strabismic monkeys (1-way ANOVA on ranks P < 0.001; median amplitude in the normal monkey viewing eye: 0.33°; experimental animals: median amplitude range 0.20–0.82°; median frequency in the normal monkey: 1.35/s; experimental animals: median frequency range 1.3–3.7/s). Increase in frequency of fixational saccades was largely due to quick phases of ongoing nystagmus. Fixational saccade amplitude was increased significantly (3-way ANOVA; P < 0.001) but by small magnitude depending on target shape and size (mean difference between disk and optotype targets = 0.02°; mean difference between 2° and 0.5° targets = 0.1°). Relationship between saccade amplitude and the Bivariate Contour Ellipse Area (BCEA) was nonlinear, showing saturation of saccade amplitude. Fixation instability in depth was significantly greater in strabismic monkeys (vergence BCEA: 0.63 deg2–2.15 deg2) compared with the normal animal (vergence BCEA: 0.15 deg2; P < 0.001).ConclusionsIncreased fixational instability in strabismic monkeys is only partially due to increased amplitude and more frequent fixational saccades. Target parameter effects on fixational saccades are similar to previous findings of target effects on BCEA.

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“…However, convergence is constantly induced. The resulting accommodationconvergence conflict and sustained eyeball movement are known to cause fatigue and 3D asthenopia [8,[18][19][20] In this study, the NPA and NPC increased in the immersive mode. In the immersive mode, more image disparity can occur than in the non-immersive mode.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Influence of Virtual Reality on Visual Parameters: Immersive Versus Non-Immersive Mode

Yoon

Kim

Park

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background : To investigate the differences in refraction, accommodative factors, visual parameters, and subjective symptoms after using two types of virtual reality (VR) content with different depths perception. Methods : Twenty-three volunteers, who played VR games in two modes (immersive and non-immersive) for 30 min, were enrolled. Visual parameters were examined before and after using VR. Accommodative factors were measured using static and dynamic methods. Subjective symptoms were assessed using a questionnaire. Differences according to VR content were compared, and correlations between each visual parameter were analyzed. Results : There were no changes in refraction or accommodative factors after use of the VR. However, there was a significant increase in the near point of accommodation (NPA), the near point of convergence (NPC), and subjective symptom scores after using the immersive mode. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between baseline values of near exophoria and mean accommodative lag of the dominant eye, and also revealed a negative correlation between NPA and mean accommodative lag in the non-dominant eye. Conclusions : The use of VR for 30 min increased NPA and NPC, especially after the immersive mode was used. In addition, higher exophoria and smaller NPA is associated with increased accommodative lag after using VR.

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Effect of Vision Therapy on Accommodation in Myopic Chinese Children

Cited by 17 publications

References 42 publications

Influence of Virtual Reality on Visual Parameters: Immersive Versus Non-Immersive Mode

Influence of Virtual Reality on Visual Parameters: Immersive Versus Non-Immersive Mode

Fixational Saccades and Their Relation to Fixation Instability in Strabismic Monkeys

Influence of Virtual Reality on Visual Parameters: Immersive Versus Non-Immersive Mode

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