Effect of Vitamin D and Ca:P Ratios on Chick Gastrointestinal Tract

Sn, Gershoff; Dm, Hegsted

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1956.187.2.203

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Similar findings have been reported for the dog following the introduction of an inflated balloon or a sponge rubber bolus which excited the propulsive motility of loops and led to increased secretion [Gregory, 1962]. Earlier than this many workers studying the composition of intestinal secretions have frequently used collection techniques which have either deliberately or unavoidably involved some mechanical stimulation, a point seldom commented upon by the authors [Babkin, 1928;Nasset and Parry, 1934;de Beer et al, 1935] but referred to by Gregory [1962]. The results of the distension experiments also show that when a loop of 324 intestine is isolated from the flow of digesta the rate of secretion of intestinal juice is likely to be influenced by the volume of the solution introduced into the loop as well as by the chemical composition of the solutions used.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…On the other hand, the results of the distension experiments indicate that local distension of the loops can accelerate the secretion of intestinal juice although this had little effect on composition. Similar findings have been reported for the dog following the introduction of an inflated balloon or a sponge rubber bolus which excited the propulsive motility of loops and led to increased secretion [Gregory, 1962]. Earlier than this many workers studying the composition of intestinal secretions have frequently used collection techniques which have either deliberately or unavoidably involved some mechanical stimulation, a point seldom commented upon by the authors [Babkin, 1928;Nasset and Parry, 1934;de Beer et al, 1935] but referred to by Gregory [1962].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Moore and Tyler [1955] reported that the absorption of calcium from the small intestine of the pig was greatest in the first quarter. In rabbits [Thomas et al, 1954], chickens [Gershoff and Hegsted, 1956] and rats 312 [Nicolaysen, 1937] the small intestine is also believed to be the main site for calcium absorption, particularly the region immediately caudal to the stomach [Harrison and Harrison, 1951;Nicolaysen, 1951;Schacter and Rosen, 1959;Schacter et al, 1960]. The principal sites of calcium absorption in the ruminant are not well defined.…”

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Factors Influencing the Secretion and Absorption of Calcium and Magnesium in the Small Intestine of the Sheep

Scott¹

1965

Exp Physiol

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Secretion and absorption of calcium and magnesium were studied in sheep prepared with loops of the jejunum and ileum that could be isolated temporarily from the flow of digesta. The secretion of the isolated loops was discharged in an irregular manner; distension of the loop caused an increase in the rate of secretion but neither a period of feeding nor the level of food intake produced any recognizable effect. By comparison, the flow of digesta in the upper jejunum usually increased following a meal and showed clear dependence upon food intake.Both calcium and magnesium were absorbed from inorganic solutions placed in the isolated loops. Net absorption of calcium depended on the concentration of calcium in the solution introduced but no such relationship could be established in the case of magnesium.The introduction of inorganic solutions into the isolated loops was accompanied by a considerable reduction of the electrical potential gradient normally present between the intestinal lumen and blood. Glucose restored the potential gradient but the concentrations required were much greater than those normally found in digesta. It is suggested that no more than a small fraction of the calcium and magnesium absorbed from the sheep's intestine is absorbed by simple diffusion of free ion. STEWART and Moodie [1956] demonstrated that magnesium was absorbed from all regions of the alimentary tract of the sheep from rumen to caecum when the concentration of magnesium in the lumen of the gut was greatly increased following oral dosing or local injection of magnesium salts. Absorption occurred at the greatest rate and from the lowest concentration in the small intestine. When the concentration of magnesium in the gut contents was kept at normal levels, Field [1960] was able to show that the middle third of the small intestine was the main site of absorption of magnesium in the sheep. The reticulo-rumen and the duodenum of the sheep are known to be permeable to 28Mg [Care, 1960] although on the basis of net absorption there is no significant uptake of magnesium in these regions in the sheep [Care, 1960; Storry, 1960] or in the calf [Smith, 1959 a]. Smith [1959Smith [ b, 1962 has shown that from 26 to 40 per cent of the dietary magnesium was absorbed by the large intestine of milk-fed calves of from 2 to 4 weeks of age although by 6-12 weeks this function was lost. Absorption of magnesium is also believed to occur in the large intestine of the rabbit [Aikawa, 1959].Moore and Tyler [1955] reported that the absorption of calcium from the small intestine of the pig was greatest in the first quarter. In rabbits [Thomas et al., 1954], chickens [Gershoff and Hegsted, 1956] and rats 312

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

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Factors Influencing the Secretion and Absorption of Calcium and Magnesium in the Small Intestine of the Sheep

Scott¹

1965

Exp Physiol

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“…Greater absorption of calcium from the proximal, as opposed to the distal, parts of the small intestine has been found in the rat (Nicolayson, 1937(Nicolayson, , 1951, the rabbit (Thomas, Litovitz & Geschickter, 1954), the dog (Cramer, 1965) and the chicken (Gershoff & Hegsted, 1956). Also Schacter & Rosen (1959) observed more rapid transport of 45Ca by everted sacs of the duodenum taken between 0 and 5 cm from the pylorus than by sacs taken between 5 and 10 cm in the rabbit and that the rate of transport declined as distance from the pylorus of the preparation increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The absorption of calcium and magnesium from the rumen and small intestine of the sheep.

Phillipson¹,

Storry²

1965

The Journal of Physiology

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There is considerable information on the differences between the calcium and magnesium contents of the food and of the exereta yet comparatively few investigations have been made on the sites of absorption of the elements from the alimentary tract of the ruminant. Smith (1959a, b) from studies of the magnesium present in the gut contents in relation to polyethylene glycol, which was used as a marker, concluded that the absorption of magnesium in calves occurred principally in the large intestines. Stewart & Moodie (1956), working on anaesthetized sheep after the introduction of solutions containing magnesium salts, concluded that magnesium could be absorbed throughout the whole length of the alimentary tract but that absorption occurred most extensively from the duodenum and small intestines. Care (1960) demonstrated that whilst the reticulo-rumen and duodenum of the sheep were permeable to the isotope 28Mg there was no significant net uptake of magnesium by these organs from artificial solutions resembling in composition the normal digesta. From a comparison of the distribution of 28Mg between the digesta and digestive-tract epithelium after its oral or intravenous administration to sheep Field (1961 ) has concluded that the main site ofabsorption was the middle third of the small intestine. Differences between various species of laboratory animal were found by Schacter, Dowdle & Schenker (1960b) when studying the transport of 45Ca from the mucosal to the ssrosal surface of everted segments of small intestine, and the golden hamster was an exception in that calcium transport was most rapid in distal ileal preparations rather than in the duodenum, which was characteristic of the rat, rabbit, guinea-pig and mouse. In the isolated intestine of the guinea-pig (Ross & Care, 1962) magnesium appears to be absorbed by an active process which derives its energy from the oxidation of glucose and the uptake of magnesium by sections of rat small intestine Present address:

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“…For over 70 years we have known that calcium absorption in the gut is dependent upon adequate vitamin D status [20,21]. The efficiency of intestinal calcium absorption is dramatically lower in vitamin-Ddeficient animals (reduced by >75%) [8] and in dialysis patients with compromised renal function and low circulating 1,25(OH) 2 D levels [22].…”

Section: Role Of Vitamin D Status and Vitamin D Signaling In Intestinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms for Regulation of Intestinal Calcium and Phosphate Absorption by Vitamin D

Fleet

Schoch

2011

Vitamin D

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Effect of Vitamin D and Ca:P Ratios on Chick Gastrointestinal Tract

Cited by 14 publications

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Factors Influencing the Secretion and Absorption of Calcium and Magnesium in the Small Intestine of the Sheep

Factors Influencing the Secretion and Absorption of Calcium and Magnesium in the Small Intestine of the Sheep

The absorption of calcium and magnesium from the rumen and small intestine of the sheep.

Molecular Mechanisms for Regulation of Intestinal Calcium and Phosphate Absorption by Vitamin D

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