Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation in Early Life on Children’s Growth and Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Ma, Kristine; Wei, Shu Qin; Bi, Wei Guang; Weiler, Hope A.; Wen, Shi Wu

doi:10.3390/nu13020524

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Supplementation with VD during pregnancy probably reduced the risks for preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and babies with low birth weight at term. Another recent meta-analysis (3960 participants from 11 RCTs) found that VD supplementation was also associated with lower BMI and BMI z-score in children aged 3–6 years [ 147 ]. However, these data remain weak and the certainty level is only moderate, and so further large RCTs are needed to confirm these results.…”

Section: Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency and Links To Obesity And Adipo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and Obesity/Adiposity—A Brief Overview of Recent Studies

et al. 2022

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Observational studies classically find an inverse relationship between human plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and obesity. However, interventional and genetic studies have failed to provide clear conclusions on the causal effect of vitamin D on obesity/adiposity. Likewise, vitamin D supplementation in obese rodents has mostly failed to improve obesity parameters, whereas several lines of evidence in rodents and prospective studies in humans point to a preventive effect of vitamin D supplementation on the onset of obesity. Recent studies investigating the impact of maternal vitamin D deficiency in women and in rodent models on adipose tissue biology programming in offspring further support a preventive metabolically driven effect of vitamin D sufficiency. The aim of this review is to summarize the state of the knowledge on the relationship between vitamin D and obesity/adiposity in humans and in rodents and the impact of maternal vitamin D deficiency on the metabolic trajectory of the offspring.

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Section: Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency and Links To Obesity And Adipo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and Obesity/Adiposity—A Brief Overview of Recent Studies

et al. 2022

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“…A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials concluded that vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy or infancy may be associated with reduced adiposity in childhood. 48 The results showed that vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy or infancy was associated with increased length‐for‐age z‐score at 1 year of age, and lower BMI and BMI‐for‐age z‐score at 3–6 years of age. Although the results from these studies are not comparable with the current study, the results from MoBa overall agree with the results of the meta‐analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, none of the two classes identified in that study corresponded to the stable high class found in the current study. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials concluded that vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy or infancy may be associated with reduced adiposity in childhood 48 . The results showed that vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy or infancy was associated with increased length‐for‐age z‐score at 1 year of age, and lower BMI and BMI‐for‐age z‐score at 3–6 years of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal vitamin D status in relation to infant BMI growth trajectories up to 2 years of age in two prospective pregnancy cohorts

Amberntsson

Bärebring

Winkvist

et al. 2022

Obesity Science & Practice

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Background: Early childhood growth can affect the child's health status later in life.Maternal vitamin D status has been suggested to affect early childhood growth.However, there is a lack of studies investigating the role of maternal vitamin D status on growth trajectories during infancy. By using growth mixture modeling (GMM), maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy can be investigated in relation to different classes of infant growth trajectories. Objectives: To examine the association between maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and classes of infant body mass index (BMI) growth trajectories. Methods: Mother-child pairs were included from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa, n = 2522) and the Swedish GraviD cohort (n = 862). Maternal 25OHD in pregnancy was analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Children's weights and heights were registry-based. GMM identified classes of infant BMI growth trajectories up to 2 years. The association between maternal 25OHD and infant BMI class by cohort was estimated using a log-link generalized linear model. Mixed model analysis estimated the pooled association including both cohorts.Results: Two infant BMI classes were identified, stable normal and stable high. In MoBa, maternal 25OHD <50 and 50-75 nmol/L were associated (RR 2.70, 95% CI 1.26-5.77 and RR 2.56, 95% CI 1.20-5.47) with a higher risk of the infant stable high BMI class, compared with 25OHD >75 nmol/L. In GraviD, no association was found. In pooled analysis, maternal 25OHD ≤75 nmol/L was non-significantly associated with a higher risk of the stable high BMI growth class.Conclusions: Maternal 25OHD ≤75 nmol/L may be associated with a higher class of BMI growth trajectory during infancy.

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“…Bi et al reported significantly greater height at 3 months, 9 months, and 12 months, but not at 6 months [ 82 ]. A meta-analysis from four clinical trials indicated that the LFA z-score was higher in infants at 1 year in the vitamin-D-supplemented group compared with the control [ 85 ]. Vitamin D supplementation at a higher dose and on an intermittent basis was found to be more beneficial than a lower dose (2000 IU) and daily or weekly supplement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal vitamin D and growth of under-five children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational and interventional studies

Tareke

Alem

Debebe

et al. 2022

Global Health Action

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Background Even though previous systematic reviews have reported on the role of prenatal vitamin D on birth outcomes, its effect on child growth is poorly understood. Objective To synthesize a systematic summary of the literature on the effect of maternal vitamin D supplementation on the linear growth of under-five children. Method This study includes studies (both observational and interventional with a control group) that evaluated the effects of prenatal vitamin D status on child linear growth. The mean child length/length for age with 95% confidence interval (CI) was pooled as the weighted mean difference using a random-effects model. A funnel plot was used to assess potential publication bias. Results A total of 45 studies and 66 reports covering a total population of 44,992 (19,683 intervention or high vitamin D group, and 25,309 control or low vitamin D group) were analyzed. Studies spanned from 1977 to 2022. The pooled weighted mean difference was 0.4 cm (95% CI: 0.15–0.65). A subgroup analysis, based on vitamin D supplementation frequency, showed that mothers who supplemented monthly or less frequently had a 0.7 cm (95% CI: 0.2–1.16 cm) longer child. Supplementation with a dose of >2000 international units increased child length at birth. The weighted mean difference was 0.35 cm (95% CI: 0.11–0.58). Conclusion The evidence from this review shows that maternal supplementation of vitamin D is associated with increased birth length. This is apparent at higher doses, low frequency (monthly or less frequent), and during the second/third trimester. It appears that vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy is protective of future growth in under-five children. Clinical trials are needed to establish evidence of effectiveness for the frequency and dose of supplementation.

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Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation in Early Life on Children’s Growth and Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Cited by 20 publications

References 50 publications

Vitamin D and Obesity/Adiposity—A Brief Overview of Recent Studies

Vitamin D and Obesity/Adiposity—A Brief Overview of Recent Studies

Maternal vitamin D status in relation to infant BMI growth trajectories up to 2 years of age in two prospective pregnancy cohorts

Maternal vitamin D and growth of under-five children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational and interventional studies

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