“…According to researchers, flavonoids suppressed the activation of TLR-4/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway, leading to a decrease in gene expression of TNF-α, IL-1B, and IL-6, COX-2, TFF-3, and iNOS proteins in the intestinal mucosa in colitis model ( Park et al, 2012 ; Sotnikova et al, 2013 ; Vezza et al, 2016 ; Duan et al, 2020 ). Previous reports also demonstrated the potential effects of treatment with B. pinnatum leaf extracts as antioxidant and immunoregulator, promoting down-regulation inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, iNOS, NF-κB p65, and COX-2) in animal models for allergic airway disease ( Cruz et al, 2012 ), acute, and chronic skin inflammation ( Chibli et al, 2014 ), local inflammation induced by Bothrops jararaca snake venom ( Fernandes et al, 2016 ) and showing a protective effect on gastric lesion ( Sobreira et al, 2017 ; de Araújo et al, 2018 ).…”