Effect of Wastewater Irrigation on Trace Metal Accumulation in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and Human Health Risk

Uğulu, İlker; Khan, Zafar Iqbal; Rehman, Sadia; Ahmad, Kafeel; Munir, Mudasra; Bashir, Humayun

doi:10.21743/pjaec/2020.06.11

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…The values of Zn were found within the permissible maximum limits of 200 mg/kg established by USEPA [27]. These Zn values were contradicted as reported by some researchers (12.13 mg/kg) as in October and 8.47 mg/kg in June [28]. However, Kumar and Chopra [25] noticed a higher range of Zn in soil (3.75-4.15 mg/kg).…”

Section: Zinc Content In Watermentioning

confidence: 54%

Monitoring of Zinc Profile of Forages Irrigated with City Effluent

Khan

Ahmad

Safdar

et al. 2020

Pak J Anal Environ Chem

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Wastewater contains a surplus amount of trace metals that contaminate the soil and crops. A pot trial was performed to determine the impact of wastewater on the zinc accumulation in forages and their associated health risk. Forages both of summer (Zea mays, Echinochloa colona, Pennisetum typhoideum, Sorghum vulgare, Sorghum bicolor, Sesbania rostrata, and Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) and winter (Trifolium alexandrinum, Medicago sativa, Brassica campestris, Trifolium resupinatum, Brassica juncea, and Brassica napus) were grown with sewage water and tap water treatment. The experiment was laid down in a completely randomized design with five replicates. The concentration of zinc in water, root and forage samples were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In tap water, the zinc value was 0.498 mg/L and in wastewater 0.509 mg/L, respectively. The maximum level of zinc in the forages leaves was 3.582 mg/kg found in Brassica napus grown in the winter season. The maximum observed value for zinc bioconcentration factor in Brassica juncea was (2.88) grown in winter. The values of pollution load index for zinc were found less than 1. The values of daily intake of metal and health risk index for zinc in all forages were less than 1 indicated that consumption of these forages was free of risk.

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Section: Zinc Content In Watermentioning

confidence: 54%

Monitoring of Zinc Profile of Forages Irrigated with City Effluent

Khan

Ahmad

Safdar

et al. 2020

Pak J Anal Environ Chem

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“…The BCF of Pb is the best way to know the availability of important metals transferred from soil to grown vegetables (Ugulu et al, 2020). The BCF values were less than 1 in all the treatments for the three plant species, which indicated that they were not accumulators of heavy metals in the agroecosystem.…”

Section: Maximum Permissible Limit (Mpl) and Bioconcentration Factor (Bcf) Of Pbmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of urea on lead absorption in corn (Zea mays L.), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.)

Peñafiel-Sandoval

Iannacone

2020

Agron. Colomb.

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Agricultural intensification has led to an elevated use of pesticides and fertilizers such as urea, without considering the negative effects these products can cause, such as acidification of the soil and the entry of lead (Pb) into the trophic chain. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of urea on the absorption of lead (Pb) in the leaf structure of corn (Zea mays L.), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.). These three plant species were exposed to five different concentrations of urea and a constant concentration of Pb in the form of Pb acetate for 93 days. The effect of urea and Pb was determined through analysis of the leaf structure. The results showed an increase in the dry weight of corn, whereas in spinach (T4) (1.5 g urea kg-1 of soil plus 0.5 g Pb kg-1 of soil) dry weight decreased as well as the fresh weight and foliar area. An increase in the chlorophyll index in corn, spinach, and cabbage was observed in the treatments with urea, and there was an influence on soil acidification. We also observed that spinach concentrated more Pb (T4) in its foliage at higher rates of N application. The idiosyncratic nature of the crop combined effects of Pb and N highlights the need for more research on this subject.

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“…The daily intake of HMs was being determined by using the method described previously [28,[34][35][36] through the following equation;…”

Section: Daily Intake Of Metals (Dim)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One-way ANOVA was used in SPSS 23 to estimate the significant difference between actions, and the numerical implication was verified at the 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001 levels [34]. Hierarchical cluster analysis was also performed using IBM SPSS 23 software.…”

Section: Statistical Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Organic Amendments for Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil–Coriander System: Environmental Fate and Associated Ecological Risk

et al. 2022

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Pollution by organic wastes and manures is an important problem in tropical and sub-tropical countries and novel solutions for their proper management and valorization are needed. Waste-derived organic manures may increase metal load in the soil–plant ecosystem and food chain, with potential risks to public health. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of three manures (poultry waste (PW), press mud (PM), and farmyard manure (FYM)) on heavy metals (HMs) (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe, Mn) toxicity in a soil and coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) system and their environmental impact (bioaccumulation, pollution load) and the consequent risk to human health via consumption. Results demonstrated that HMs in coriander fluctuated from 0.40 to 0.43 for Cd, 1.84 to 3.52 for Co, 0.15 to 0.16 for Cr, 1.32 to 1.40 for Cu, 0.05 to 0.09 for Pb, 1.32 to 2.51 for Fe, 0.10 to 0.32 for Mn, and 2.01 to 8.70 mg/kg for Zn, respectively. Highest pollution load index value was 2.89 for Cd and Mn showed the lowest (0.005). Daily intake of metal was noticed to be higher for Zn (0.049 mg/kg/day) for PW and lower for Mn (0.0005) at FYM treatment. The health risk index value was <1 and in the range of 2.30–2.50 for Cd showing potential carcinogenicity. It was concluded that as the organic amendments have the widest application in vegetables, it should be prudent to avoid their contamination and mobilization in plant–soil ecosystems to protect public health perspectives.

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Effect of Wastewater Irrigation on Trace Metal Accumulation in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and Human Health Risk

Cited by 25 publications

References 24 publications

Monitoring of Zinc Profile of Forages Irrigated with City Effluent

Monitoring of Zinc Profile of Forages Irrigated with City Effluent

Effect of urea on lead absorption in corn (Zea mays L.), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.)

Potential of Organic Amendments for Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil–Coriander System: Environmental Fate and Associated Ecological Risk

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