Effect of water absorption on the dynamic mechanical properties of composites used for windmill blades

Faguaga, E.; Pérez, Claudio Javier; Villarreal, N.; Rodríguez, E.; Álvarez, Vera A.

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2011.11.059

Cited by 34 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These studies agreed that the mechanical property degrades over time from an increase in mass, internal stresses from swelling, and loss of interlaminar strength (Choqueuse et al 1997;Faguaga et al 2012;Tual et al 2015;Gunti et al 2016). Current research on the high strain rate response of weathered composites is limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…The diffusion process is relatively well established and can be described by a diffusion coefficient that is a function of parameters such as temperature, type of resin and curing agent, surrounding medium composition, fillers, and void content. The value for diffusion coefficient and the theoretical models used to describe the diffusion varies in previous studies of diffusion in composites (Shirrell and Halpin 1977;Browning et al 1977;Deiasi et al 1980;Blikstad et al 1984;Neumann and Marom 1987;Amer et al 1996;Choqueuse and Davies 2008;Sar et al 2012;Joliff et al 2012;Fichera et al 2015;Popineau et al 2005;Choqueuse et al 1997;Faguaga et al 2012;Tual et al 2015;Gunti et al 2016). A standard and well-accepted model for epoxy resins, in terms of mass diffusions, is a Fickian model (Popineau et al 2005) which uses Fick's second law to predict how the concentration of a diffusive substance changes over time within a material (Davies and Rajapakse 2014;Crank 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Underwater nearfield blast performance of hydrothermally degraded carbon–epoxy composite structures

Matos

Javier

LeBlanc

et al. 2018

Multiscale and Multidiscip. Model. Exp. and Des.

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An experimental and computational study was conducted to evaluate the dynamic response of weathered biaxial composite plates subjected to near-field explosive/blast loadings. Naval structures are subjected to aggressive marine environments during their service life that can significantly degrade their performance over time. The composite materials in this study are carbonepoxy composite plates with [0, 90]s and [45, − 45]s layups. The composites were aged rapidly through submersion in 65 • C seawater for 35 and 70 days, which through Arrhenius' methodology, simulates approximately 10 and 20 years of operating conditions, respectively. Experiments were performed by clamping the composite plates to an air-backed enclosure inside an underwater blast facility. During the experiments, an RP-503 explosive was submerged, behind the composite specimen, and detonated. Meanwhile, transducers measured the pressure emitted by the explosive, and three high-speed cameras captured the event. Two of the cameras were placed facing the specimen to measure full field displacement, velocities, and strains through a 3D digital image correlation analysis. The third high-speed camera was used to record the explosive's behavior and bubble-to-specimen interaction. Additional experiments were performed to obtain the non-weathered and weathered material properties as well as the residual strength post the blast experiments. Additionally, a coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian finite element simulation was conducted to complement the experimental findings. Results show that the diffusion of water into the composite material leads to a more prominent blast response as well as the degradation of mechanical properties, especially shear properties which are dominated by the epoxy matrix. Residual strength experiments also show a substantial decrease in the structural integrity post-blast loading for the weathered composites. Lastly, the numerical simulations showed substantial increase in maximum strains with relatively small decreases in mechanical stiffness. Hence, even past the saturation point, incremental changes in material properties can have a significant impact on mechanical performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underwater nearfield blast performance of hydrothermally degraded carbon–epoxy composite structures

Matos

Javier

LeBlanc

et al. 2018

Multiscale and Multidiscip. Model. Exp. and Des.

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“…Obtained results for specimens with 6 durations of ageing were compared based on glasstransition temperature (T g ) and dynamic moduli. Such DMA-based approach was used by the authors of [7], who analysed the degradation of polymeric composites used for windmill blades. Several comparative tests were also carried out by the authors of [8], where, among the DMA results, they analysed the effects of ageing in seawater using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), they also performed rheological analysis and analysis based on the coefficient of thermal expansion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evolution of several mechanical properties were investigated: tensile strength, Young's modulus, hardness. Due to the great popularity of DMA for aged specimens [5][6][7][8]10] and its great sensitivity to the mechanical and structural changes this type of analysis was selected for the evaluation study. Among the analysis of evolution of dynamic moduli, the kinetic thermomechanical analysis was performed, which clearly show the degradation process of the investigated materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Static and Dynamic Properties of Gfrp Laminates during Ageing in Deionized and Seawater

Katunin

Gnatowski

Kajzer

2015

Advanced Composites Letters

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GFRP laminates are widely used for constructional purposes of boats and wind turbines. During the operation of elements made of these materials in environmental conditions they are subjected to contact with aggressive media like seawater. In this paper the authors evaluated the degradation process of GFRP laminates at the different stages of ageing in deionized and seawater based on evolution of static and dynamic properties. The analysis of evolution of tensile properties as well as dynamic moduli and characteristic temperatures of transition allow for concluding about the nature of the degradation mechanisms during ageing in various media. Obtained results allow describing this process, which can be applied at the stage of design as well as operation of GFRP elements contacted with water.

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“…They concluded that 13.5% decrease in interlaminar shear strength and the flexural stiffness was observed to increase by more than 26% over the range of nanoclay loading. Faguaga et al [24] studied the effect of water absorption on the dynamic mechanical properties of composites used for windmill blades. They found that nanoclay incorporated unsaturated polyester matrix system showing a detrimental effect in degradation resistance, probably because of the degree of hydrophilicity of the selected clay which produces a weak interphase with the polymeric matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nanomodified polyester resin on hybrid sandwich laminates

Anbusagar¹,

Giridharan²,

Palanikumar³

2014

Materials & Design (1980-2015)

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Effect of water absorption on the dynamic mechanical properties of composites used for windmill blades

Cited by 34 publications

References 25 publications

Underwater nearfield blast performance of hydrothermally degraded carbon–epoxy composite structures

Underwater nearfield blast performance of hydrothermally degraded carbon–epoxy composite structures

Evolution of Static and Dynamic Properties of Gfrp Laminates during Ageing in Deionized and Seawater

Effect of nanomodified polyester resin on hybrid sandwich laminates

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