Effect of Water and Ethanol Extracts from Hericium erinaceus Solid-State Fermented Wheat Product on the Protection and Repair of Brain Cells in Zebrafish Embryos

Abstract

Extracts from Hericium erinaceus can cause neural cells to produce nerve growth factor (NGF) and protect against neuron death. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ethanol and hot water extracts from H. erinaceus solid-state fermented wheat product on the brain cells of zebrafish embryos in both pre-dosing protection mode and post-dosing repair mode. The results showed that 1% ethanol could effectively promote zebrafish embryo brain cell death. Both 200 ppm of ethanol and water extracts from H. erinaceus solid-state fermented wheat product protected brain cells and significantly reduced the death of brain cells caused by 1% ethanol treatment in zebrafish. Moreover, the zebrafish embryos were immersed in 1% ethanol for 4 h to cause brain cell damage and were then transferred and soaked in the 200 ppm of ethanol and water extracts from H. erinaceus solid-state fermented wheat product to restore the brain cells damaged by the 1% ethanol. However, the 200 ppm extracts from the unfermented wheat medium had no protective and repairing effects. Moreover, 200 ppm of ethanol and water extracts from H. erinaceus fruiting body had less significant protective and restorative effects on the brain cells of zebrafish embryos. Both the ethanol and hot water extracts from H. erinaceus solid-state fermented wheat product could protect and repair the brain cells of zebrafish embryos damaged by 1% ethanol. Therefore, it has great potential as a raw material for neuroprotective health product.

Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Activities of Polysaccharides from Fermented Wheat Products of Grifola frondosa: In Vitro Methods

“…The hot water extraction method has been widely used to extract bioactive polysaccharides from G. frondosa, and it 7 International Journal of Food Science was first employed in the 1980s [31]. This method has also been used to extract polysaccharides from fungal-fermented grains in many studies [32,33]. In this study, we used this method to extract polysaccharides from G. frondosa mycelium and polysaccharides from G. frondosa-fermented wheat products.…”

Study on Radio Frequency-Treated Agricultural Byproducts as Media for Hericium erinaceus Solid-State Fermentation for Whitening Effects

“…Following the method outlined by Sun et al [14], Hericium erinaceus was cultured on PDA at a constant temperature of 25 • C. Once the mycelium was grown, three pieces of 1 cm 2 Hericium erinaceus were taken and placed in the pre-activation solution (composed of 5% glucose, 0.1% yeast extract, 0.05% dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.05% magnesium sulfate, and 150 mL RO water), where they were cultivated at a constant temperature of 25 • C and a rotation speed of 150 rpm for 7 days.…”

“…Referring to the method outlined by Sun et al [14], a 500 g PP package containing a mixture of rice bran, ginseng residue, and peanut residue at a ratio of 4:1:1, with a moisture content of 45%, was placed in an autoclave for sterilization at 121 • C for 1 h. Subsequently, 10 mL of preactivated solution of Hericium erinaceus was withdrawn and added into PP package, thoroughly mixed, and then transferred to a 25 • C thermostat incubator for 5-week cultivation period.…”

“…It has several bio-functional activities, such as immunomodulation, antitumor, antioxidant, neuroprotection, and enhancing memory. The 200 ppm of ethanol and water extracts from Hericium erinaceus solid-state fermented product had significant protective and repairing effects on 1% ethanol damage to neural cells in zebrafish embryos [14].…”

Aflatoxin B1 Toxicity in Zebrafish Larva (Danio rerio): Protective Role of Hericium erinaceus

“…The antioxidative activity of Hericium erinaceus has been demonstrated in several pre-clinical experimental models of neurodegenerative disorders such as epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and Parkinson’s disease [ 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Moreover, previous studies on zebrafish embryos have shown the protective and repairing effects of Hericium erinaceus in ethanol-induced neuronal loss [ 21 ]. Zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) has been well accepted as a general fish and vertebrate model to investigate chemical toxicity and the associated mechanisms because of its easy ability to be bread in the laboratory, great fecundity, fast development, short life cycle, and eggs and embryo transparency [ 22 ].…”