Effect of water deficit at different stages of development on the yield components of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) genotypes

Karim, Toudou Daouda Abdoul; Atta, Sanoussi; Maârouhi, Inoussa Maman; Falalou, Hamidou; Yacoubou, Bakasso

doi:10.5897/ajb2017.16347

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This, combined with constraints such as diseases, would have been dramatic to plants. According to Toudou et al (2018), drought stress occurring at the flowering stage of cowpea development is more devastating for cowpea grain yield, while that at the seedling stage could induce plant death, reducing thus plant density and, consequently, the expected yield. These reasons could explain the fair prediction of the observed grain yield comparable to the yield simulated by the model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration and Validation of CROPGRO-cowpea Model of DSSAT for Four Cowpea Varieties under Drought Stress

Célestin¹,

Abdulrahman²,

Hussaini³

et al. 2022

theijst

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The Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfert (DSSAT) is a software comprising crop simulation models. The aim of this study was to: Calibrate the CROPGRO-cowpea model of DSSAT for four cowpea varieties, and Validate the model using a data set collected under drought stress For this purpose, experiments were carried out in 2020 and 2021 dry seasons in Burkina Faso at Kamboinsin in the Centre of Environmental and Agricultural Research and Training (CREAF). The model calibration was done using data including days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, above-ground biomass, and grain yield per hectare collected from an experiment without water and nutrient stress, and the GenCalc software was used for estimating the genetic coefficients of the varieties. Data from two drought stress treatments, such as D1: drought at seedling stage, and D2: drought at flowering stage, were used for validating the model. The results of the calibration showed that the model excellently simulated the days to flowering with a normalized root mean square error (nRMSE) of less than 10% and a high degree of agreement for all the varieties. The simulation of the days to physiological maturity was excellent for 50% of the varieties (nRMSE<10%) and good for the others (10 < nRMSE < 20%). The simulation of the grain yield per hectare ranged from excellent to good. Poor prediction of the above-ground biomass was attained for 75% of the varieties (nRMSE â‰¥ 40%), while the fair simulation was recorded for 25% (nRMSE=27%) during the model calibration. The statistics of the validation process showed an excellent simulation of the days to flowering (nRMSE= 1.85%; R2=0.98; d-index=0.99) and a good prediction of the days to maturity (nRMSE=13.82; R2=0.87; d-index=0.53) for all the varieties. Simulated above-ground biomass was in poor agreement with the observed values (nRMSE=106.62%; R2=0.92; d-index=0.36). Fair prediction of the grain yield by the model was achieved during the validation (nRMSE = 27%). From these results, it can be concluded that the DSSAT model can be considered an efficient tool for predicting cowpea phenology, growth, and yield in optimum conditions of development. However, in drought stress conditions, the sensitivity or tolerance status to the drought of the variety can reduce the accuracy of the grain yield prediction by the model.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration and Validation of CROPGRO-cowpea Model of DSSAT for Four Cowpea Varieties under Drought Stress

Célestin¹,

Abdulrahman²,

Hussaini³

et al. 2022

theijst

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“…In another study, Hamidou et al (2007) reported an average reduction of 60% in the number of pods per plant due to water deficit. The reduction in the number of pods per plant could be attributed to a lower number of flower buds and loss of flowers due to water deficit in the reproductive stage (Abdoul Karim et al, 2018;Maleki et al, 2017).…”

Section: Yield and Yield Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unavailability of rainfall or non-uniform distribution thereof means that yields cannot be guaranteed since water deficits affect plant growth and flowering (Timko and Singh, 2008). Indeed, studies have demonstrated that water deficit at flowering negatively affected yields of cowpea (Abdoul Karim et al, 2018;Ahmed and Suliman, 2010;Anyia and Herzog, 2004;Peksen, 2007). Households depending on cowpea are consequently exposed to risks of crop failure, hunger and malnutrition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Moistube and subsurface drip irrigation on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (l.) Walp) production in South Africa

Kanda

Senzanje

Mabhaudhi

2020

WSA

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Moistube irrigation (MTI) is a new subsurface irrigation technology where the water emits from a semi-permeable membrane at a slow rate depending on applied pressure and soil water potential. There is lack of information on how various crops respond to MTI. This study determined growth, yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) under varying water regimes under MTI and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI), using field and glasshouse experiments in summer and winter of 2018, respectively. A split-plot design arranged in randomized complete blocks, replicated 3 times, with SDI as the control experiment was used. The main plot was irrigation type while the sub-plots were the water regimes. The water treatments consisted of full irrigation (100% of crop water requirement (ETc)), and deficit irrigation (DI) of 70% ETc and 40% ETc. Water deficit had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on time to flowering; plants under 40% ETc flowered 14 days earlier than plants at 100% ETc. There were significant (p < 0.05) differences in yield components. Grain yields were 1 280 kg∙ha-1, 2 401 kg∙ha-1 and 3 189 kg∙ha-1 for 40% ETc, 70% ETc and 100% ETc, respectively, but no significant (p > 0.05) differences were recorded between SDI and MTI. However, at 40% ETc, SDI had 15% higher yield than MTI. Biomass varied significantly (p < 0.05) with irrigation type and water treatment. Grain WUE varied significantly (p < 0.05) among the water regimes. The highest WUE was achieved under SDI at 70% ETc but was not significantly different from that under MTI at 70% ETc. In conclusion, performance of cowpea was similar under the two irrigation systems under moderate DI but was better for SDI under severe DI with respect to biomass and WUE for the summer trial. Moderate DI improved the grain WUE while all the DI conditions improved the biomass WUE.

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“…Rainfall in Niger is unevenly distributed over time and space, exposing crops to end-of-cycle drought, often accompanied by high temperatures [7]. These drought episodes lead to yield losses in crops like cowpea, especially if they occur during critical stages such as flowering [8]. In addition to drought, other challenges include low soil fertility, parasitic plants such as striga, inappropriate varieties, and limited use of inputs [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Effects on Performance of Three Dual-purpose Cowpeas Varieties Production in Sahelian Sandy Soil of Niger

Abdoul-Karim,

Sanoussi,

Yacoubou

2024

IJPSS

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In Niger, cowpea is primarily cultivated under rainfed conditions and therefore often suffers from water stress at the end of its cycle. However, cultivating dual-purpose varieties during the cold dry season can help minimize the effects of water stress and improve cowpea production. A field study was conducted to assess the seasonal effect (cold dry season and rainy season) on the yield of three dual-purpose cowpea varieties `over two consecutive years, 2022 and 2023. The analysis of the results shows that pod and seed yields during the cold dry season were on average higher than those of the rainy season. The varieties can produce an average of over 4000 kg/ha of seeds during the cold dry season compared to 1770.18 kg/ha during the rainy season. During the rainy season, the varieties produced more haulms than in the cold dry season, with 8217.38 kg/ha and 6163.19 kg/ha, respectively. During the cold dry season, cowpea benefited from low temperatures, which favored increased pod and seed yields. Due to its advantages, cowpea cultivation during the cold dry season should be developed and promoted in Niger.

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Effect of water deficit at different stages of development on the yield components of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) genotypes

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Calibration and Validation of CROPGRO-cowpea Model of DSSAT for Four Cowpea Varieties under Drought Stress

Calibration and Validation of CROPGRO-cowpea Model of DSSAT for Four Cowpea Varieties under Drought Stress

Effect of Moistube and subsurface drip irrigation on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (l.) Walp) production in South Africa

Seasonal Effects on Performance of Three Dual-purpose Cowpeas Varieties Production in Sahelian Sandy Soil of Niger

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