Effect of Water Deficits on Seed Development in Soybean

Westgate, Mark E.; Schussler, Jeffrey R.; Reicosky, D. C.; Brenner, Mark L.

doi:10.1104/pp.91.3.980

Cited by 52 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In the embryo, the error is small since apoplastic water represents only about 5% of embryo volume and the concentration of solutes in the apoplast is fairly high (17,24,29). In the testa, apoplastic volume has been reported to be as high as 40 to 50% of testa volume with apoplastic solute concentrations considerably lower than those in the embryo (13,17,24).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Water Deficits on Seed Development in Soybean

Westgate¹,

Dt²

1989

Plant Physiol.

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Water deficits during seed filling often decrease seed size in soybean (Glycine max L.). The physiological basis for this re-sponse is not known but may result from direct effects of low seed water potential (',) on the seed filling process. To determine whether low l' occurred in reproductive tissues of soybean, we monitored the water status (',I, ls, and I,p) of leaf, pericarp, and seed (embryo and testa) tissue of greenhouse-grown plants subjected to a brief water deficit during the linear period of seed growth. Water deficits were imposed by withholding water and monitored in the reproductive tissues by thermocouple psychrometry. When water was abundant, leaf, pericarp, and seed I, were -0.5 to -0.7 megapascal at midday. When water was withheld, leaf l' decreased to -2.3 megapascals within 6 days. Pericarp 1' also decreased to -1.9 megapascal during this time.Pericarp ls followed the decline in *', but osmotic adjustment was not evident as the pericarp lost turgor completely by day 6.However, seed ',, I,, and 'ip were not significantly different from the controls. These results indicate that the water status of the developing seeds of soybean is not altered by short-term water deficits severe enough to inhibit the metabolic activity of the maternal plant. Maintenance of a favorable water status may be important for the conservation of seed growth rate exhibited by soybean under dry conditions. Water deficits during reproductive development often decrease seed size in soybean (Glycine max L.) (18, 21,26).Recent evidence indicates that the reduction in seed size is due primarily to a shortening of the seed filling period rather than an inhibition of seed growth rate (20,24). Since low TwI2 are known to affect the metabolic activity of the vegetative plant (5,10,12,25), the maintenance of seed growth rate implies either that seed metabolism is relatively insensitive to low TI or that the water status of developing seeds is not affected by water deficits that develop in the maternal tissues.To determine whether low T,, occurred in reproductive

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This implies that solute accumulation in developing seeds should not be impaired by an unfavorable seed water status in water-deficient plants. In fact, limited evidence indicates that embryos isolated from waterdeficient plants accumulate sucrose more rapidly than their well-watered counterparts (24,29).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Water Deficits on Seed Development in Soybean

Westgate¹,

Dt²

1989

Plant Physiol.

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“…According to Vieira et al (1992) drought and lack of fertilization decreased the germination of soybean seed but a decrease in seed vigour was evident only when stress was intense enough to cause wrinkled and / or underdeveloped seeds. Other research workers found a decrease in both germination and seed vigour of soybean (Westgate et al 1989;Keigley and Mullen 1976) and corn (Hunter et al 1977;Cloninger et al 1975) seed developing in stress conditions as drought.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…High quality seed lots may improve crop yield in two ways: first because seedling emergence from the seedbed is rapid and uniform, leading to the production of vigorous plants, and second the percentage seedling emergence is high were optimum plant population density could be achieved under a wide rang of environmental conditions (GhassemiGolezani and Mazloomi-Oskooyi 2008). Seed quality is affected by various factors experienced during development and maturation (Vieira et al 1992;Westgate et al 1989). Environmental stresses during the growth and development of the mother plant may influence the quality of the produced seeds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Weed Interference and Starter Fertilizer on Subsequent Seed Germination and Vigour of Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.)

Mohammadi¹,

Amiri²

2012

Korean Journal of Weed Science

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The study was conducted to investigate the effect of weed interference and starter fertilizer on subsequent soybean seed quality at the Agricultural Research Farm and Laboratory of Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. Two factorial experiment was laid-outon a randomized complete block design with four replications. First factor was starter fertilizer levels (0 and 25 kg ha -1 ) applied in the forms of monoammonium phosphate, the second factor was different weed interference periods consisted of five initial weed-free periods (in which, plots were kept free of weeds for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after crop emergence (DAE) and then weeds were allowed to grow until harvest) and five initial weed-infested periods (in which, weeds were allowed to grow for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60DAE, after which the plots were kept free of weeds until harvest). Full season weedy condition reduced 100-seed weight, seed germination percentage and seedling dry weight by 25.9, 13.3 and 22.5%, respectively and increased mean germination time and seed electrical conductivity by 55.8 and 24.3%, respectively as compared with full season weed-free control. However, the traits under study were not significantly influenced when field was kept free of weeds for at least 45 DAE (R1) or weedy condition was continued for less than 30 DAE (V8).There was a significant and negative correlation between weed biomass and seed weight (r = -0.93), so that when weed free condition was less than 45 DAE or weed infested period was continued for at least 30 DAE, soybean plants produced wrinkled and underdeveloped seeds with lower weights and qualities.Moreover, soybean seed quality reduction due to weed interference was more evident when starter fertilizer was applied and weeds interfered with soybean from the beginning of the growing season. Information from the present study is beneficial in soybean seed production systems and where farmers use the harvested seeds for the following planting.

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“…For example, in soybean, it was shown that while the water status of developing seeds is not altered by short-term water deficits, in cases of long-term water deficits, water potential and the activities of both the pericarp and the seed are decreased, inhibiting seed development (Westgate, Schussler, Reicosky, & Brenner, 1989). Therefore, it is suggested that the maintenance of a favorable water level is important for seed growth in soybean under dry conditions (Westgate & Grant, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Irrigation Level and Genotype on Pod-Filling Related Traits in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

Gupta¹,

Buchshtab²,

Hovav

2014

JAS

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In peanut (Arachis hypogaea), pod-filling is an important biological stage that is strongly influenced by the availability of water. It also has genetic component; since genotypes vary considerably in their pod-filling potential. We studied the effects of irrigation level, genotype and the Irrigation Level × Genotype interaction on pod-filling and other pod-related traits of peanut. Four peanut genotypes, including three Virginia-types and one Peruvian-type which differ considerably in their pod-filling potential, were examined under field conditions. Four irrigation treatments were applied (60%, 80%, 100% and 120%) in a factorial experimental design. A significant irrigation-treatment effect was observed for the two main pod-filling related traits, meat content and dead-end ratio, in all of the genotypes studied. The irrigation level significantly affected gross pod weight, 100-pod weight and 100-seed weight, but did not have any significant effects on pod yield per plot or pod size distribution. Therefore, our study suggests that reduction in irrigation directly influence the developing pods, as a result of low water availability/potential in the pod's surrounding environment. The effect of irrigation was most significant at the lowest irrigation level (60%); whereas a milder effect was observed in the 80% irrigation treatment, indicating that, in some cases, it is possible to reduce irrigation down to 80% without affecting the pod-filling components. Although the Irrigation × Genotype interaction was not statistically significant, some genotypes were found to be more strongly affected by the low-irrigation treatments. Also, irrigation level significantly affected the incidence of pod wart and the pod color variables, suggesting that higher irrigation should be applied in order to address these marketing-related traits. This trial serves as a fundamental study for understanding the pod-filling components that are influenced by the irrigation level in peanut.

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Effect of Water Deficits on Seed Development in Soybean

Cited by 52 publications

References 29 publications

Effect of Water Deficits on Seed Development in Soybean

Effect of Water Deficits on Seed Development in Soybean

Effects of Weed Interference and Starter Fertilizer on Subsequent Seed Germination and Vigour of Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.)

The Effects of Irrigation Level and Genotype on Pod-Filling Related Traits in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

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