Effect of water management on greenhouse gas emissions and microbial properties of paddy soils in Japan and Indonesia

Abstract

This research aims at elucidating the greenhouse gas emissions and its related soil microbial properties in continuously flooded or intermittently drained paddy soils in Japan and Indonesia. The study in Japan comprises alluvial soil and peat, cultivated to rice variety Nipponbare, while in Indonesia comprised alluvial soil cultivated to rice variety Siam Pandak. Intermittent drainage was performed to half number of the plot in 6 days interval, starting at tillering or heading stage of rice, while the other half number of plot was kept flooded as control. The experiments were carried out to follow the randomized block design with three replications. Gas samples were taken in weekly basis, except during the treatments (i.e., every 2 days interval) and analyzed for methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) concentrations. Soil samples were and analyzed for the population of methanogenic bacteria, denitrifiers, methane production and consumption potentials, and methanogenic substrate. Plant growth parameters were also observed. The results showed that intermittent drainage significantly reduced greenhouse gas emission from paddy soil of Indonesia and Japan without significant changes in soil microbial population. The reductions of greenhouse emission from Japanese peaty and alluvial paddy soil due to intermittent drained were about 32 and 37%, respectively. Meanwhile, the reductions in greenhouse gas emission from alluvial soil of Indonesia due to intermittent drainage were very similar to that of in Japan, i.e., average about 37%. This suggests that intermittent drainage can be an appropriate technology option to reduce the greenhouse gas emission from paddy soil in Japan and Indonesia.

Intermittent drainage in paddy soil: ecosystem carbon budget and global warming potential

“…The removal of paddy field water for 30 days significantly reduced CH 4 -C emission (54-58 %), which is consistent with the findings of Kim et al (2014); Itoh et al (2011);Ma and Lu (2011);Hadi et al (2010);Sass et al (1992); Yagi et al (1996); Adhya et al (1994). They reported 43-58 % reduction of CH 4 emission through intermittent drainage.…”

“…Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions mainly take place from decomposing organic materials and microbial transformations of nitrogen (N) in soils under reduced conditions (Takai 1961;Garcia et al 2000;Janzen 2004;Oenema et al 2005). Moreover, addition of organic materials can promote GHG emission by providing readily available carbon (C) and substrates for nitrifying microorganisms (Neue et al 1997;Lee 2010;Hadi et al 2010;Kim et al 2013;Haque et al 2013Haque et al , 2015a. So, it is likely that improved crop production strategies could reduce GHG emission from rice fields.…”

Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Soils with Different Vertical Soil Moisture Distribution Patterns

“…Water management has been recognized as one of the most important practices affecting N 2 O emissions [6][7]. Many researchers have found that peak N 2 O emissions were observed during the drying period after soil watering, caused either by precipitation or irrigation.…”

“…Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is an important long-living greenhouse gas that has attracted considerable attention during the past few decades because of its contribution to global warming and ozone depletion [1][2][3] Water management has been recognized as one of the most important practices affecting N 2 O emissions [6][7]. Many researchers have found that peak N 2 O emissions were observed during the drying period after soil watering, caused either by precipitation or irrigation.…”

Nitrate addition inhibited methanogenesis in paddy soils under long-term managements

“…In China, mid-season aeration is one basic practice for raising rice yields and is widely adopted in rice cultivation (Cai et al 1997). In situ studies report a significant decrease of CH 4 emission by rice fields that are drained one or several times during the crop cycle (Yagi et al 1996, Hadi et al 2010. In addition, the groundwater table controlling the soil O 2 concentration and redox potential is another non-negligible practice, which affects the methanogenesis and methanogens in paddy fields.…”