Effect of water presence on methyl tert-butyl ether and ethyl tert-butyl ether liquid-phase syntheses

Cunill, Fidel; Vila, Meritxell; Izquierdo, J.F.; Iborra, Montserrat; Tejero, Javier

doi:10.1021/ie00015a020

Cited by 62 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Besides ethers and primary alcohols, tertiary alcohols such as TBA and tert-amyl alcohol (TAA) are also considered suitable additives due to their low volatility and their potential to reduce aldehyde formation from the combustion of gasoline-ether mixtures [17].…”

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confidence: 99%

Equilibrium conversion, selectivity and yield optimization of the simultaneous liquid-phase etherification of isobutene and isoamylenes with ethanol over Amberlyst™ 35

Fité

Ramírez

Cunill

2016

Fuel Processing Technology

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A prospective study on the product distribution at chemical equilibrium for the simultaneous liquid-phase etherification of isobutene and isoamylenes with ethanol over Amberlyst TM 35 is presented. Experiments were performed isothermally in a 200 cm 3 stirred tank batch reactor operating at 2.0 MPa. Initial molar ratios of alcohol/olefins and isobutene/isoamylenes ranged both from 0.5 to 2, and temperature from 323 to 353 K. Reactants equilibrium conversion, selectivities and yields toward products were clearly affected by the experimental conditions. Experimental etherification yields have been modeled using the response surface methodology (RSM), combined with the stepwise regression method to include only the statistically significant variables into the model. The multiobjective optimization (MOO) of etherification yields has been carried out numerically, by means of the desirability functions approach, and graphically, by using the overlaid contour plots (OCP).Optimal conditions for the simultaneous production of ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) and tertamyl ethyl ether (TAEE) have been found to be at low temperatures (323 to 337 K) and initial molar ratio alcohol/olefins close to 0.9 and isobutene/isoamylenes close to 0.5. 2

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Equilibrium conversion, selectivity and yield optimization of the simultaneous liquid-phase etherification of isobutene and isoamylenes with ethanol over Amberlyst™ 35

Fité

Ramírez

Cunill

2016

Fuel Processing Technology

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“…So, it seems that MTBE producers are mainly interested in the flexibility of MTBE/ETBE plants (Anderson, 1988;Forestiere et al, 1991). Another factor that could reduce ethanol cost is the possibility of using azeotropic ethanol (96.5 wt %) (Bakas et al, 1990;Cunill et al, 1993) or subazeotropic ethanol (80-85 wt % ) 0888-5885/94/2633-0581$04.50/0 (Jayadeokar and Sharma, 1992) as a raw material for ETBE production.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of the Liquid-Phase Synthesis of Ethyl tert-Butyl Ether (ETBE)

Fité¹,

Iborra²,

Tejero³

et al. 1994

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Evidently as a result of its presence in the reaction mixture the activity of the catalysts for the synthesis of ETBE reduced as has been noted elsewhere [14,15]. At the same time it can be anticipated that the presence of water in a reaction mixture should facilitate processes which require the presence of highly acid centers and it may counteract the deactivating influence of hydrogen.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Changes in the acidic properties of the zeolite H-ZSM-11 under the influence of hydrogen and water

Vlasenko

Kochkin

2006

Theor Exp Chem

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The nature of the effect of hydrogen and water on the spectrum of acidity of H-ZSM-11 zeolite has been studied. An explanation of the observed changes is proposed and a prognosis has been made on the relative effect of transformation of the functional groups of the surface on the catalytic properties of H-ZSM-11 in various reactions of acid type.Thanks to their characteristic physico-chemical properties zeolites are widely used in a variety of acid-base catalytic processes such as hydration and dehydration, esterification, cracking, hydrogenation, etc. Presentations on the nature of the active centers of the catalyst, their concentration, and their distribution with respect to strength are extremely important.The acid properties of zeolites are determined by two basic types of centers: protonic (Brönsted) and aprotonic (Lewis). Brönsted acidity is determined by the presence of different types of hydroxyl groups -structural or bridging hydroxyl groups, OH groups found on the outer surfaces of zeolite crystals, OH groups localized on polyvalent cations and OH groups localized on nonstructural particles of aluminum [1]. As a rule the catalytic properties of zeolites are connected to siloxy bridged hydroxyl groups. However in recent times activity has been noted of weakly acidic silanol OH groups in a series of catalytic reactions which occur under mild conditions [2].The distribution of acid centers by type, concentration, and strength forms a spectrum of acidity which may change under the influence of various factors. This is especially important for zeolite catalysts working at high temperatures and subjected to the effects of components of the reaction media. It is well known that the effect of high temperatures leads to a decrease in the Brönsted acidity and an increase Lewis acidity [3]. The presence of water molecules contained in the starting materials or evolved during the process reactions can facilitate the conversion Lewis acid centers of the zeolite into Brönsted centers which leads to a change in catalytic atcivity in a number of cases. Data show that hydrogen in the atmosphere over the zeolite surface may form protonic acid centers [4].Thus in the process of catalyst formation and the subsequent effects of the reaction media the spectra of acidity of zeolites may undergo important changes, understanding the nature of which may permit the favorable formation of functional characteristics of the surface of zeolites for the creation of effective catalysts for various processes proceeding by an acid-base mechanism.The objective of the present was to investigate the character of changes in the spectrum of acidity of the zeolite H-ZSM-11 under the influence of hydrogen and water vapor. 2660040-5760/06/4204-0266

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Effect of water presence on methyl tert-butyl ether and ethyl tert-butyl ether liquid-phase syntheses

Cited by 62 publications

References 7 publications

Equilibrium conversion, selectivity and yield optimization of the simultaneous liquid-phase etherification of isobutene and isoamylenes with ethanol over Amberlyst™ 35

Equilibrium conversion, selectivity and yield optimization of the simultaneous liquid-phase etherification of isobutene and isoamylenes with ethanol over Amberlyst™ 35

Kinetics of the Liquid-Phase Synthesis of Ethyl tert-Butyl Ether (ETBE)

Changes in the acidic properties of the zeolite H-ZSM-11 under the influence of hydrogen and water

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