Effect of water salinity on the oxidative system of juveniles of the North Atlantic white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus reared in biofloc technology

Abstract

This study evaluated the effect of biofloc technology (BFT) at 3 (lsBFT) and 35 (hsBFT) practice salinity units (psu) on the zootechnical performance, oxygen consumption, antioxidant activity, and oxidative damage of Litopenaeus setiferus juveniles reared in outdoor tanks. After 90 days, no significant differences were observed in terms of survival (p > .05). The final weight as well as wet weight gain, final biomass, and feeding conversion ratio (FCR) showed higher values for shrimp reared with hsBFT than those reared with lsBFT (p < .05). Compared to that for the hsBFT treatment, high oxygen consumption (VO2) was observed for the lsBFT treatment under fasting and postprandial conditions (p < .05). The activity of the enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione‐S‐transferase from shrimp muscle did not show significant differences between the treatments (p > .05). Regarding the lipid peroxidation (LPO) and oxidized protein (PO) in muscle samples, no significant differences were observed in LPO, whereas the PO was significantly higher for the lsBFT treatment (p < .05), which was related to higher fasting and postprandial oxygen consumption of the juveniles (p < .05). The adaptation of L. setiferus juveniles reared in BFT at low salinity is relatively weak because of their low growth and excessive oxygen consumption and the oxidative damage (PO) produced.

Sperm quality and nutritional condition related to management during prematuration ofLitopenaeus setiferus(F0) males

“…Settable solids values were 23.8 and 18.8 ml/L in the BC and BF treatments, values quite higher than the maximum recommended by (Emerenciano et al, 2017). In comparison with Valenzuela‐Jiménez, Aguilera‐Rivera, et al (2021) and Valenzuela‐Jiménez, Durruty‐Lagunes, et al (2021), our amount of settable solids was three times fold than obtained in their experiment, and it did not seem to have affected parameters below mentioned.…”

“…Current results for the antioxidant status showed that the culture system was not a determinant factor of these indicators. However, the opposite trend was reported for juvenile L. setiferus by Valenzuela‐Jiménez, Durruty‐Lagunes, et al (2021) that found that shrimps held in biofloc had a better antioxidant status. Other penaeid shrimp, such as Litopenaeus stylirostris and Litopenaeus vannamei , showed a higher antioxidant activity when cultured in biofloc, promoting enhanced reproductive performance and higher resistance against Vibrio respectively (Aguilera‐Rivera, Escalante‐Herrera, et al, 2019; Aguilera‐Rivera, Prieto‐Davó, et al, 2019; Cardona et al, 2016).…”

“…Oxygen concentration was maintained above 4 mg/L in all treatments, and pH values were close to 8, these values are considered correct for the development of shrimp culture in biofloc (Emerenciano et al, 2017). In a recent growth trial with L. setiferus F 0 generation, Valenzuela‐Jiménez, Aguilera‐Rivera, et al (2021) and Valenzuela‐Jiménez, Durruty‐Lagunes, et al (2021) presented higher oxygen concentrations, probably due to the tanks were outdoor where the sunlight improves primary production. Ammonia and nitrite concentration remained low during the trial, never reaching the security concentration of 1 mg/L stablished by Emerenciano et al (2017).…”

“…Ammonia and nitrite concentration remained low during the trial, never reaching the security concentration of 1 mg/L stablished by Emerenciano et al (2017). Valenzuela‐Jiménez, Aguilera‐Rivera, et al (2021) and Valenzuela‐Jiménez, Durruty‐Lagunes, et al (2021) registered much higher nitrite concentrations even in low salinity water, where nitrites become more toxic due to absence of chlorine ions (Furtado et al, 2016). Resistance of shrimp to environmental factors is related to ontogenetic stages, that is why postlarvae can cope with radical changes in water composition (Chong‐Robles et al, 2014; Martînez et al, 1998).…”

“…Biofloc has been described as a sustainable culture system that provides shrimp with probiotic media with native protein, leading to an enhancement of the nutritional and immunological status of shrimp and ultimately resulting in optimal reproductive performance (Aguilera‐Rivera, Escalante‐Herrera, et al, 2019; Aguilera‐Rivera, Prieto‐Davó, et al, 2019; Emerenciano et al, 2017; Mugwanya et al, 2021). Recent studies developed by Valenzuela‐Jiménez, Aguilera‐Rivera, et al (2021) and Valenzuela‐Jiménez, Durruty‐Lagunes, et al (2021) have demonstrated the adaptability of both wild and F 0 generation L. setiferus to the biofloc system. These authors obtained an improved growth rate and a better antioxidant status when shrimp were cultured in biofloc at 35 psu.…”