Effect of Waterlogged Soil Conditions on the Production of Ethylene and on Water Relationships in Tomato Plants

Jackson, Michael B.; Gales, K.; Campbell, D. Joan

doi:10.1093/jxb/29.1.183

Cited by 126 publications

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“…Waterlogging been reported to cause elevated ethylene levels and epinasty in the shoot regardless of whether the condition is imposed by waterlogging or by flushing with N2 (4,12,14). It has been shown that ethylene production by maize (Zea mays L.) roots exposed to 5 kPa oxygen was inhibited by AVG supplemented to the nutrient solution and this also reduced aerenchyma formation (13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under aeration, AOA stimulated ACC synthase activity in both the roots and leaves. However, in combination with low 02 conditions, AOA caused a stimulation in ACC synthase activity in the leaves and no effect in the roots.Ethylene production is observed in all higher plants, where it is involved in numerous aspects of plant growth and development but most notably as a response to stress conditions (1).Waterlogging been reported to cause elevated ethylene levels and epinasty in the shoot regardless of whether the condition is imposed by waterlogging or by flushing with N2 (4,12,14). It has been shown that ethylene production by maize (Zea mays L.) roots exposed to 5 kPa oxygen was inhibited by AVG supplemented to the nutrient solution and this also reduced aerenchyma formation (13).…”

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Effects of Low O₂ Root Stress on Ethylene Biosynthesis in Tomato Plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv Heinz 1350)

Wang¹,

Arteca²

1992

Plant Physiol.

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Low O2 conditions were obtained by flowing N2 through the solution in which the tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv Heinz 1350) were growing. Time course experiments revealed that low O2 treatments stimulated 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase production in the roots and leaves. After the initiation of low 02 conditions, ACC synthase activity and ACC content in the roots increased and reached a peak after 12 and 20 hours, respectively. The conversion of ACC to ethylene in the roots was inhibited by low levels of 02, and ACC was apparently transported to the leaves where it was converted to ethylene. ACC synthase activity in the leaves was also stimulated by low 02 treatment to the roots, reaching a peak after 24 hours. ACC synthase levels were enhanced by cobalt chloride and aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), although they inhibited ethylene production. Cobalt chloride enhanced ACC synthase only in combination with IOW 02 conditions in the roots. Under aeration, AOA stimulated ACC synthase activity in both the roots and leaves. However, in combination with low 02 conditions, AOA caused a stimulation in ACC synthase activity in the leaves and no effect in the roots.Ethylene production is observed in all higher plants, where it is involved in numerous aspects of plant growth and development but most notably as a response to stress conditions (1).Waterlogging been reported to cause elevated ethylene levels and epinasty in the shoot regardless of whether the condition is imposed by waterlogging or by flushing with N2 (4,12,14). It has been shown that ethylene production by maize (Zea mays L.) roots exposed to 5 kPa oxygen was inhibited by AVG supplemented to the nutrient solution and this also reduced aerenchyma formation (13). This work provided evidence that the stimulation in ethylene production was probably due to an enhancement in ACC synthase and that ethylene was involved the promotion of aerenchyma in adventitious roots of maize. Cohen and Kende, utilizing an in vivo assay for this enzyme (8), showed that ACC synthase levels can be enhanced in deep-water rice internodes (Oryza sativa L.). Because they were unable to detect ACC synthase in homogenates of deepwater rice internodes, they utilized in vivo methods that assayed ACC accumulation in tissue under N2. Their conclusion was that the stimulation of ACC synthase activity by low 02 pressures was one of the first biochemical events leading to internodal growth in deep-water rice. The activity of ACC synthase in homogenates of vegetative tissues is often either much lower than expected or not measurable at all in vitro (8,20). To overcome this problem, we used the method described by Tsai et al. (18) to assay for ACC synthase. In the present study, we surveyed the changes in ACC synthase, ACC, and ethylene in whole tomato plants by flushing the roots with N2 and also evaluated the effects of ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant PreparationTomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv Heinz 1350) plants were grown f...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Low O₂ Root Stress on Ethylene Biosynthesis in Tomato Plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv Heinz 1350)

Wang¹,

Arteca²

1992

Plant Physiol.

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“…However, this may not be the complete story. A positive interaction between flooding and physical wounding on rates of ethylene biosynthesis by petioles has been observed (Jackson et al, 1978). Since both wounding and flooding increase ACC levels (Bradford and Yang, 1980;Botella et al, 19951, the interactive, rather than additive, effects of wounding and soil flooding on ethylene production suggest that flooding enhances the capacity of petioles to oxidize ACC to ethylene.…”

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Increased 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Oxidase Activity in Shoots of Flooded Tomato Plants Raises Ethylene Production to Physiologically Active Levels

et al. 1995

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Soil flooding increased 1 -aminocyclopropane-1 -carboxylic (ACC) acid oxidase activity in petioles of wild-type tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum 1.) plants within 6 to 12 h in association with faster rates of ethylene production. Petioles of flooded plants transformed with an antisense construct to one isoform of an ACC oxidase gene (ACO1) produced less ethylene and had lower ACC oxidase activity than those of the wild type. Flooding promoted epinastic curvature but did so less strongly in plants transformed with the antisense construct than in the wild type. Exogenous ethylene, supplied to well-drained plants, also promoted epinastic curvature, but transformed and wild-type plants responded similarly. Flooding increased the specific delivery (flux) of ACC to the shoots (picomoles per second per square meter of leaf) in xylem sap flowing from the roots. The amounts were similar in both transformed and wild-type plants. These observations demonstrate that changes in ACC oxidase activity in shoot tissue resulting from either soil flooding or introducing ACC oxidase antisense constructs can influence rates of ethylene production to a physiologically significant extent. They also implicate systemic root to shoot signals in regulating the activity of ACC oxidase in the shoot.In this paper we examine the possible role of ACC oxidation in regulating ethylene biosynthesis in vegetative shoots of flooded tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants.We also assess whether changes in ethylene production attributable to different levels of ACC oxidase activity are of physiological significance for the shoots of flooded plants. During soil flooding, the root environment becomes depleted of oxygen (Grable, 1966). In response, shoot systems show a wide range of physiological and biochemical changes. Some of these changes, such as petiole epinasty in tomato, may be adaptive (Armstrong et al., 1994). Epinasty can be observed within 6 to 12 h of flooding (Jackson and Campbell, 1975) and is brought about by the action of ethylene, following enhanced accumulation (Kawase, 1972) and production (Bradford and Dilley, 1978;

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“…Saplings in peat swamp forest showed higher water content especially in leaves than those in mixed dipterocarp and heath forests. Waterlogged conditions with high pH due to humic acid cause high leaf water potential, which causes reduced transpiration rate (Jackson et al 1977). In peat swamp forest, waterlogged soil with acidic water brings about physiological response of saplings to reduce transpiration (Chapin 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiation in architectural properties and functional traits of forest-floor saplings among heath, peat swamp, and mixed dipterocarp forests

Atikah

Rahajoe

Kohyama

2014

Tropics

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There are physiognomically distinctive forest types in lowland tropics reflecting variation in edaphic conditions. Tree saplings that contribute to forest regeneration are expected to show morphological properties in response to forest environment. However, it remains unknown how sapling properties are similar or different across forest types. We examined architectural and functional traits of forest floor saplings across heath, peat swamp, and mixed dipterocarp forests that characterize lowland forests in Kalimantan, Indonesia. Saplings (150-310 cm tall) of 41 species, which represent each forest type, were selected under the canopy of developed forest stands. Among these, we chose one species found in all forest types and two species in heath and peat swamp forests. Significant differences in crown allometries were found across forest types and across species. Saplings in mixed dipterocarp forest had thicker trunk and wider crown at the same sapling height compared to other forests and they had higher specific leaf area, higher mass-based leaf nitrogen content and lower wood density. Heath forest saplings showed lowest leaf nitrogen content and highest wood density. Species with across forest-type distribution showed intra-specific variation in sapling traits, and which was similar to the difference among forest types. We conclude that saplings show morphological response to nutritional and water conditions that characterize forest types.

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Effect of Waterlogged Soil Conditions on the Production of Ethylene and on Water Relationships in Tomato Plants

Cited by 126 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Low O₂ Root Stress on Ethylene Biosynthesis in Tomato Plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv Heinz 1350)

Effects of Low O₂ Root Stress on Ethylene Biosynthesis in Tomato Plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv Heinz 1350)

Increased 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Oxidase Activity in Shoots of Flooded Tomato Plants Raises Ethylene Production to Physiologically Active Levels

Differentiation in architectural properties and functional traits of forest-floor saplings among heath, peat swamp, and mixed dipterocarp forests

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Effect of Waterlogged Soil Conditions on the Production of Ethylene and on Water Relationships in Tomato Plants

Cited by 126 publications

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Effects of Low O2 Root Stress on Ethylene Biosynthesis in Tomato Plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv Heinz 1350)

Effects of Low O2 Root Stress on Ethylene Biosynthesis in Tomato Plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv Heinz 1350)

Increased 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Oxidase Activity in Shoots of Flooded Tomato Plants Raises Ethylene Production to Physiologically Active Levels

Differentiation in architectural properties and functional traits of forest-floor saplings among heath, peat swamp, and mixed dipterocarp forests

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Effects of Low O₂ Root Stress on Ethylene Biosynthesis in Tomato Plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv Heinz 1350)

Effects of Low O₂ Root Stress on Ethylene Biosynthesis in Tomato Plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv Heinz 1350)