Effect of Weight Control Counseling in Overweight and Obese Young Adults

Abstract

Phimarn, et al.: Weight Control Counselling in Young AdultsThis study was carried out to compare groups with individual counselling to examine essential outcomes in young adults in a community pharmacy. A randomized controlled trial was conducted from June 2011 to February 2012. A total of 112 overweight and obese participants were randomly assigned to receive group counselling (n=52) or individual counselling (n=56). Clinical outcomes included weight, waist circumference and body mass index. Eating behaviours were evaluated by a theory of planned behaviour questionnaire. Both groups showed significant clinical outcomes. The theory of planned behaviour average sum score significantly increased from baseline in the health dieting behaviour and subjective norm in group counselling. In the individual group (P<0.05), the score increased significantly from baseline only for health dieting behaviour (P<0.05). The logistic regression analysis, factors associated with eating behaviours were: group counselling (OR=4.03, 95% CI: 1.71-9.51), female (healthy dieting behaviour: OR=0.37, 95% CI: normative beliefs: 0.15-0.93) and person who attempted to control weight (OR=0.17, 95% CI: 0.03-0.91). Group counselling was not inferior to individual counselling and the group counselling should be used as first line mode for weight control management in young adults. Key words: Obesity, young adults, community pharmacy, body mass index, theory of planned behaviourOverweight and obesity are major risk factors of several chronic diseases. Prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing in all age groups [1,2] . Recently, the World Health Organisation (WHO) reported that more than one billion adults worldwide are overweight; of these over 200 million men and almost 300 million women were obese. Over 40 million children aged <5 y were overweight in 2011 [3] .In Thailand, the prevalence of obesity in adults (body mass index; BMI≥25 kg/m 2 ) increased to 22.4% in men and 34.3% in women in 2004 [4] . Especially, there is increasing rate among children and adolescents [5] . The national representative data on the status of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents are available for several countries in Asia including Thailand [6] .Lifestyle modification have been reported as the most effective strategy to manage obesity and overweight [7] . Understanding patients with healthy eating behaviour is also recommended in identifying a root cause of overweight. Evidence proved that the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) is of use to explain eating behaviour [8][9][10][11] since this theory is able to explore intention of eating behaviour [12] . A previous study in Thailand designed the TPB diet questionnaire in Thai and suggested this tool was beneficial for health professionals providing lifestyle advice to people who are overweight and obese [13] . Even counselling option could be responsible for improved clinical outcomes. The previous studies were conflicting [14][15][16] and most of the studies were performed in adults. Only a few...

Effectiveness of gender-targeted versus gender-neutral interventions aimed at improving dietary intake, physical activity and/or overweight/obesity in young adults (aged 17–35 years): a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Two studies involved interventions focused on nutrition, PA and weight delivered in different face-to-face session formats [ 83 , 90 ]. Hivert et al reported greater changes in weight (− 1.3 kg, p = 0.04) and BMI (− 0.5 kg/m2, p = 0.01) for participants in the group session intervention compared with no intervention at the end of the 2-year intervention [ 83 ], while Phimarn et al reported greater weight loss (− 1 kg, p = 0.04) for participants in the individual session intervention compared with group sessions at the end of the 6-month intervention [ 90 ]. LaRose et al compared interventions targeting large changes/larger initial weight loss versus small changes/gradual weight loss, with greater weight loss achieved in the large changes group at 2 years (− 2 kg, p = 0.006) [ 84 ].…”

“…Of the 22 gender-neutral studies, 13 were effective (59%), most of which were for absolute weight (n = 10, 59%). Six of nine weight gain prevention studies (67%) [82][83][84][85][86][87] and seven of 13 weight loss studies (54%) [88][89][90][91][92][93][94] were effective. Bertz et al found that daily self-weighing with feedback achieved greater weight loss than irregular self-weighing without feedback over a one year intervention period (− 1.6 kg, p = 0.04) [82].…”

“…Bertz et al found that daily self-weighing with feedback achieved greater weight loss than irregular self-weighing without feedback over a one year intervention period (− 1.6 kg, p = 0.04) [82]. Two studies involved interventions focused on nutrition, PA and weight delivered in different face-to-face session formats [83,90]. Hivert et al reported greater changes in weight (− 1.3 kg, p = 0.04) and BMI (− 0.5 kg/m2, p = 0.01) for participants in the group session intervention compared with no intervention at the end of the 2-year intervention [83], while Phimarn et al reported greater weight loss (− 1 kg, p = 0.04) for participants in the individual session intervention compared with group sessions at the end of the 6-month intervention [90].…”

Relationship between Behavioural Intention for Using Food Mobile Applications and Obesity and Overweight among Adolescent Girls

“…Our results suggest that although participants who were overweight/obese had a slightly higher attitude in using food apps, adolescents with normal/underweight BMI had slightly higher SN, PBC and behavioural intentions; however, this did not yield significance (p > 0.05). In a study conducted in Thailand among 112 overweight (n = 52) and obese (n = 56) young adults, the overall mean TBP score increased significantly from baseline in the health dieting behaviour and SN following group counselling, concluding that group counselling was not inferior to individual counselling and that group counselling is a better option for healthy dieting management [45]. In Greece, between the normalweight group and overweight/obese group, correlations between variables of TPB and behaviours (healthy eating and exercise) were higher in the normal-weight group than in the overweight/obese group, whereas attitude was a significant predictor for those with higher values in the normal-weight group [46].…”

Effectiveness of Individual Nutrition Education Compared to Group Education, in Improving Anthropometric and Biochemical Indices among Hypertensive Adults with Excessive Body Weight: A Randomized Controlled Trial

“…However, the effectiveness of this counseling method needs to be investigated further. In some studies, on obese patients, group counseling produced significantly greater reduction in weight than individual therapy did [26][27][28][29], and it was recommended as a first-line approach for weight management in young adults [30]. It is, nonetheless, possible that in our study, individual education had a greater impact on individual behavior because it is personalized to a patient's needs and the dietitian-patient relationship is greater than the one in a group education method.…”