Effect of Welding Preheats on Metallurgical Analysis and Microstructural Development

Abstract

This project is to study the effect of welding preheat on metallurgical analysis and microstructural development. Variables such as current, speed of welding and size of specimen were fixed. In the present work, a mild steel plate with thickness of 100 mm and width size of 20 mm was used. SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding) technique was chosen as it is the easiest way to perform and widely used in oil & gas and marine industries. Three different preheat temperatures were performed during the study; ambient temperature (no preheat), between 60 °C to 70°C and greater than 200 °C. The study emphasizes on the minimum preheat temperature that produce good quality welding by taking into account some of metallurgical aspects; microstructure and macrostructure development, hardness distribution at important areas in weld (Heat Affected Zone, parent metal and weld area) through thickness. From this study, code American Welding Society (AWS) D1.1 was used as a reference and it stated that for plate that has 100 mm thickness the preheat temperature should be in the range of 60 °C and 70°C. The result of microstructure and macrostructure showed that the depth of penetration was not vary too much. Hardness measurement, macro and microstructure observation were performed in order to obtain a good correlation exist between these parameters studied.

Influence of zinc (Zn) powder on the microhardness characteristic and microstructure properties of stainless steel SS304 hybrid joint using low power microwave heating

“…The schematic diagram for joint characterization is shown, Figure 6. In revealing to alpha grain structure of joint surface, the 2 % of nital solution was used for etching process, where it consists of 90 ml–99 ml of ethanol and 1 ml–10 ml of nitric acid (HNO 3 ) [28]. The microstructure in cross‐sectioned joint surface was evaluated by field emission scanning electron microscopy machine (Jeol, JSM‐7800F) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).…”

Microstructural Analysis and Microhardness Evaluation of Stainless Steel SS304 Joints Utilizing Microwave Hybrid Heating (MHH) and Cold/Heat Processing: A Fuzzy Logic Approach

“…To reveal the alpha grain structure on the joint surface, an etching process was performed using a 2% Nital solution. This solution consisted of 90-99 ml of ethanol and 1-10 ml of nitric acid (HNO3) [19]. The cross-sectioned joint surface's microstructure was evaluated using a SEM machine.…”