Effect of Wetting-Drying Cycles on Redistribution of Lead in Some Semi-Arid Zone Soils Spiked with a Lead Salt

Microbial‐Enhanced Phytoremediation of Lead Contaminated Calcareous Soil by Centaurea cyanus L

“…Then, the soil was thoroughly mixed in plastic pots with Pb(NO 3 ) 2 in powdery form. In particular, after Khodaverdiloo et al, Pb salt was ground and mixed well with a small portion of soil and total Pb concentrations of 250, 500, and 1000 mg kg −1 dry soil was obtained by mixing this metal/soil mixture with a large amount of soil. The spiked soil was subsequently packed into plastic pots in three replicates for each treatment.…”

“…The spiked soil was subsequently packed into plastic pots in three replicates for each treatment. To attain the quasi‐equilibrium distribution of Pb in the spiked soil, the packed soil was incubated under periodic wetting‐drying (WD) cycles (non‐leach condition) for almost 7 months at room temperature and remained for further 12 months as air‐dried.…”

“…In recent years, human activities such as mining, wastewater irrigation, application of agrochemicals, emissions from waste incinerators and cars and discharge of large amounts of metal‐enriched solid and effluents accelerated the soil contamination . Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) contamination of soils is of particular attention due to food security issues and several reported health risks to both human and living organisms . Lead (Pb) is among highly toxic and most widely PTEs at contaminated sites.…”

“…[1] Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) contamination of soils is of particular attention due to food security issues and several reported health risks to both human and living organisms. [2,3] Lead (Pb) is among highly toxic and most widely PTEs at contaminated sites. It originates from various anthropogenic sources and causes a variety of health, environmental, and ecological problems.…”