Effect of Wide-Spectrum Monochromatic Lights on Growth, Phytochemistry, Nutraceuticals, and Antioxidant Potential of In Vitro Callus Cultures of Moringa oleifera

Abstract

Moringa oleifera, also called miracle tree, is a pharmaceutically important plant with a multitude of nutritional, medicinal, and therapeutic attributes. In the current study, an in-vitro-based elicitation approach was used to enhance the commercially viable bioactive compounds in an in vitro callus culture of M. oleifera. The callus culture was established and exposed to different monochromatic lights to assess the potentially interactive effects on biomass productions, biosynthesis of pharmaceutically valuable secondary metabolites, and antioxidant activity. Optimum biomass production (16.7 g/L dry weight), total phenolic contents (TPC: 18.03 mg/g), and flavonoid contents (TFC: 15.02 mg/g) were recorded in callus cultures placed under continuous white light (24 h), and of other light treatments. The highest antioxidant activity, i.e., ABTS (550.69 TEAC µM) and FRAP (365.37 TEAC µM), were also noted under white light (24 h). The analysis of phytochemicals confirmed the significant impact of white light exposures on the enhanced biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites. The enhanced levels of secondary metabolites, i.e., kaempferol (1016.04 µg/g DW), neochlorogenic acid (998.38 µg/g DW), quercetin (959.92 µg/g DW), and minor compounds including luteolin, apigenin, and p-coumaric acid were observed as being highest in continuous white light (24 h with respect to the control (photoperiod). Similarly, blue light enhanced the chlorogenic acid accumulation. This study shows that differential spectral lights demonstrate a good approach for the enhancement of nutraceuticals along with novel pharmacologically important metabolites and antioxidants in the in vitro callus culture of M. oleifera.

Bioactive Compounds in Moringa oleifera: Mechanisms of Action, Focus on Their Anti-Inflammatory Properties

“…Leaves were reported to have the highest total phenolic contents, with about 2000 to 12200 mg GAE/100 g [53]. Except for the roots and seeds, the most common flavonoids found in various parts of the Moringa tree are kaempferol glycosides [glucosides (11), malonyl glucosides (12), and rutinosides (13)] and quercetin (14) [53]; other flavonols found in lower amounts include myricetin (15), epicatechin (16), and rutin (17). Among the abundant phenolic acids in the Moringa tree are caffeic acid (18), chlorogenic acid (19), coumaric acid (20), gallic acid (21), and ellagic acid (22) [53].…”

“…Additionally, recent studies are outlining the interest in enhancing the viable bioactive compounds in the culture of M. oleifera , i.e., the in vitro-based elicitation approach (a biotechnological tool for enhancing the production of secondary metabolites) and demonstrating that utilizing varying spectral lights represents an effective method for increasing the production of nutraceuticals and novel pharmacologically significant metabolites in the in vitro callus culture of M. oleifera [ 12 ]. The high nutritional, nutraceutical, and therapeutic profile ( Table 1 ) is mainly attributed to its rich repertoire of biologically active molecules: proteins (peptides and protein hydrolysates), flavonoids, saponins, phenolic acids, tannins, isothiocyanates, lipids, minerals, and vitamins, amongst others [ 13 ].…”

“…The study screened the functional metabolites of M. oleifera to evaluate their possible role in nerve regeneration after injury in vivo Male albino mice 12…”

Organ-on-Chip: Advancing Nutraceutical Testing for Improved Health Outcomes

“…This involves identifying suitable materials, establishing quality control measures, and optimizing the fabrication processes to ensure consistent and reliable production of OOC devices. Regulatory compliance is crucial to ensure the safe and effective use of OOC technology for nutraceutical testing regulations, i.e., the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States or the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in Europe may classify OOC platforms as medical devices or in vitro diagnostics. − …”

Autophagy Activation Promoted by Pulses of Light and Phytochemicals Counteracting Oxidative Stress during Age-Related Macular Degeneration

“…In this way, it is not surprising that resveratrol is modified upon light exposure [ 171 ]. In fact, white light modifies and may enhance the antioxidant properties of a number of phytochemicals [ 172 ]. As shown by Morello et al [ 173 ], different wavelengths produce different effects on phytochemicals, and specific wavelengths determine the change in the structure and chemical properties of lutein [ 174 ].…”