Effect of wind speed on aerosol optical depth over remote oceans, based on data from the Maritime Aerosol Network

Smirnov, A.; Sayer, A. M.; Holben, B. N.; Hsu, N. Christina; Сакерин, С. М.; Macke, Andreas; Nelson, Norman B.; Courcoux, Yann; Smyth, Tim; Croot, Peter; Quinn, Patricia K.; Sciare, Jean; Gulev, Sergey; Piketh, S.; Losno, R.; Kinne, Stefan; Радионов, В. Ф.

doi:10.5194/amt-5-377-2012

Cited by 32 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Furthermore, for low wind speeds (0-4 m/s) the present AOD values are similar to ground-based measurements carried out by Smirnov et al [55]. The linear increase of AOD with higher wind speed in the latter study can, however, be questionable, since sea-spray aerosol flux (or rather white cap coverage) dependency on surface wind speed is suggested to be proportional to U 3.5 [31] or U 3.41 (e.g., [51]) or U 3.75 [58].…”

Section: Comparison With Previous Studiessupporting

confidence: 91%

“…These relationships established for marine areas deviate substantially. Some of the studies suggest a linear relationship, (e.g., [35,55]), others a power-law relation ( [36,37,56] current study) or an exponential relationship [38]. Despite the large differences, almost all relationships show an increase in AOD, roughly with a factor of 2 over the wind-speed range 0-10 m/s.…”

Section: Power-law Relationship Between Modis Aod and Surface-wind Speedmentioning

confidence: 78%

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Effect of Wind Speed on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aerosol Optical Depth over the North Pacific

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The surface-wind speed influences on aerosol optical depth (AOD), derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aqua daily observations over the central North Pacific during the period 2003-2016, have been investigated in this study. The cloud coverage is relatively low over the present investigation area compared to other marine areas, which favors AOD derived from passive remote sensing from space. In this study, we have combined MODIS AOD with 2 m wind speed (U 2m ) on a satellite-pixel basis, which has been interpolated from National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis. In addition, daily averaged AOD derived from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) measurements in the free-troposphere at the Mauna Loa Observatory (3397 m above sea level), Hawaii, was subtracted from the MODIS column AOD values. The latter was to reduce the contribution of aerosols above the planetary boundary layer. This study shows relatively strong power-law relationships between MODIS mean AOD and surface-wind speed for marine background conditions in summer, fall and winter of the current period. However, previous established relationships between AOD and surface-wind speed deviate substantially. Even so, for similar marine conditions the present relationship agrees reasonable well with a power-law relationship derived for north-east Atlantic conditions. The present MODIS retrievals of AOD in the marine atmosphere agree reasonably well with ground-based remote sensing of AOD.

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Section: Comparison With Previous Studiessupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Power-law Relationship Between Modis Aod and Surface-wind Speedmentioning

confidence: 78%

Effect of Wind Speed on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aerosol Optical Depth over the North Pacific

et al. 2018

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“…EO is increasingly used in studies on sea spray aerosols and their effects. Nevertheless, remote sensing results also show rather large ambiguities such as in the determination of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) as determined by different remote sensing methods (Smirnov et al 2012). The use of EO in air-sea interaction studies and effects on SSA production and their effects on climate and biogeochemical cycles has an important place in the SOLAS community.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions of Particles

Leeuw

Guieu

Arneth

et al. 2013

Springer Earth System Sciences

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This chapter provides an overview of the current knowledge on aerosols in the marine atmosphere and the effects of aerosols on climate and on processes in the oceanic surface layer. Aerosol particles in the marine atmosphere originate predominantly from direct production at the sea surface due to the interaction between wind and waves (sea spray aerosol, or SSA) and indirect production by gas to particle conversion. These aerosols are supplemented by aerosols produced over the continents, as well as aerosols emitted by volcanoes and ship traffic, a large part of it being deposited to the ocean surface by dry and wet deposition. The SSA sources, chemical composition and ensuing physical and optical effects, are discussed. An overview is presented of continental sources and their ageing and mixing processes during transport. The current status of our knowledge on effects of marine aerosols on the Earth radiative balance, both direct by their interaction with solar radiation and indirect through their effects on cloud properties, is discussed. The deposition on the ocean surface of some key species, such as nutrients, their bioavailability and how they impact biogeochemical cycles are shown and discussed through different time and space scales approaches.

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“…cloud contamination or illumination bias than physical processes (e.g., Ignatov et al, 2005;Zhang et al, 2005;Zhang and Reid, 2006;Marshak et al, 2008;Smirnov et al, 2012;Reid et al, 2013). Thus, a significant challenge to the climate science community is to link remote-sensing measurements of potential changes in aerosol optical depth (AOD) to Cloud Condensation Nuclei Concentration (e.g., Kaufman and Fraser, 1997) or to secondary particle production, free of retrieval artifacts.…”

Section: T F Eck Et Al: Rapid Aerosol Optical Depth Enhancements Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of rapid aerosol optical depth enhancements in the vicinity of polluted cumulus clouds

et al. 2014

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Abstract. During the July 2011 Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) field experiment in Maryland, significant enhancements in Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sun-sky radiometer measured aerosol optical depth (AOD) were observed in the immediate vicinity of non-precipitating cumulus clouds on some days. Both measured Ångström exponents and aerosol size distribution retrievals made before, during and after cumulus development often suggest little change in fine mode particle size; therefore, implying possible new particle formation in addition to cloud processing and humidification of existing particles. In addition to sun-sky radiometer measurements of large enhancements of fine mode AOD, lidar measurements made from both ground-based and aircraftbased instruments during the experiment also measured large increases in aerosol signal at altitudes associated with the presence of fair weather cumulus clouds. These data show modifications of the aerosol vertical profile as a result of the aerosol enhancements at and below cloud altitudes. The airborne lidar data were utilized to estimate the spatial extent of these aerosol enhancements, finding increased AOD, backscatter and extinction out to 2.5 km distance from the cloud edge. Furthermore, in situ measurements made from aircraft vertical profiles over an AERONET site during the experiment also showed large increases in aerosol scattering and aerosol volume after cloud formation as compared to before. The 15-year AERONET database of AOD measurements at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Maryland site, was investigated in order to obtain a climatological perspective of this phenomenon of AOD enhancement. Analysis of the diurnal cycle of AOD in summer showed significant increases in AOD from morning to late afternoon, corresponding to the diurnal cycle of cumulus development.

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Effect of wind speed on aerosol optical depth over remote oceans, based on data from the Maritime Aerosol Network

Cited by 32 publications

References 45 publications

Effect of Wind Speed on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aerosol Optical Depth over the North Pacific

Effect of Wind Speed on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aerosol Optical Depth over the North Pacific

Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions of Particles

Observations of rapid aerosol optical depth enhancements in the vicinity of polluted cumulus clouds

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