Effect of Wood Fractional Composition on Gasification Process

Abstract

In many countries of the world, biomass is becoming increasingly important in various sectors, in particular: at thermal and electric stations for the production of heat and electrical energy in district heating systems in chemical and timber industry complexes. It is known that the potential of biomass is ten times higher than the possible needs of mankind for energy, is environmentally friendly and has the ability to recover. Today there is a trend of decentralization of energy, that is, the use of cogeneration plants for generating heat and electricity. Perspective cogeneration units are internal combustion engines operating on synthesis gas. Therefore gasification of wood for the purpose of synthesis gas production is the most promising and ecological way of biomass processing. The calorific value of the synthesis gas produced as a result of the gasification of wood fuels can vary depending on various factors. The main factors affecting the gasification process are as follows: the fractional composition of wood; the amount of air supplied to the gasification chamber; height of the active layer and a number of other factors depending on the fuel that is gasified, and the parameters of the gasifier. Any wood for further thermal processing should be crushed. Depending on the need, the wood is crushed to the technological wood chips of various fractions by chipping machines that are also called wood crushers, or shredders. The choice of chippers depends on the production need. Modern chipping machines allow fine-tuning the raw material by the size of the wood. Taking into account the shortage and the price of energy carriers, the use of comminuted wood waste as a fuel for gas-generating plants and solid-fuel boilers comes to the fore.