Effect of wood species on vibration modes of violins plates

Correlation between Anatomical Grading and Acoustic–Elastic Properties of Resonant Spruce Wood Used for Musical Instruments

“…The database, originally in.txt format, was imported/converted and primarily processed in Microsoft Excel. The digital format of the growth rings consists of the total ring width (TRW), the early wood width (EWW), the late wood width (LWW), the early wood proportion (EWP), and the late wood proportion (LWP) from TRW [16][17][18][19][20]. Regarding the anatomical features of spruce wood-it is known that this species is characterized by distinct areas of early wood formed in the vegetative period and late wood, formed in the period of vegetative rest, being composed of tracheid, rays, and resin channels.…”

“…The raw data were stacked into chronological series, where each ring was identified by the calendar year (i) in which it was formed. Using these raw variables, two more indices were produced for identifying the resonant wood: the difference in width between the consecutive rings DBR (mm) and the ring widths regularity index RI [16,17,24]. The DBR was calculated based on Formula (1) and the RI was calculated with Formula (2).…”

“…Some have opined that the vibrational properties of wood are determined on the scale of the cell wall rather than on the macroscopic scale of the growth rings [12][13][14]. In the stringed instruments industry, musical instruments are classified according to the anatomical quality of the wood used in their construction, with this aspect being revealed in the final price of the instrument [15][16][17]. The classification of quality raw materials for the manufacture of stringed instruments is discussed in detail elsewhere [16][17][18].…”

“…In the stringed instruments industry, musical instruments are classified according to the anatomical quality of the wood used in their construction, with this aspect being revealed in the final price of the instrument [15][16][17]. The classification of quality raw materials for the manufacture of stringed instruments is discussed in detail elsewhere [16][17][18]. Resonant wood is divided into four quality grades: A, high anatomical quality; B, average quality; C, low anatomical quality; D, common wood, without defects.…”

“…The longitudinal and transverse propagation speeds in the wood, in the three directions, and the elastic characteristics, complete the icon of resonant wood [18][19][20]. Knowing this, as well as the density of the wood, one can estimate a number of acoustic parameters of resonant wood [17][18][19][20][21]. Wegst, 2006, noted that the Young and shear moduli parallel and perpendicular to the wood fibers are important parameters for musical plate vibration in the structure of chordophone instruments [20].…”