“…The effects of ionizing radiation have been studied extensively on complex behaviors that depend on learning and retention. Radiation malaise is * reflected experimentally by decreases in spontaneous activity and increases in reaction time or response latency (8,17,22,23,26,28,29,30,44,52). Except for the slowing of reaction time, very few immediate negative behavioral effects occur unless radiation exposure is much greater than 700 rads (see 9, 15, 16, 24, and 39 for reviews).…”